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Family Sheet

HUSBAND
Name: Emperor Julius Caesar Of Rome Note Born: at 12 Jul 100 BC , , , Married: Died: at 15 Mar 44 BC , , , Other Spouses: Pompeia
Postumia
Tertulla
Mucia
Calpurnia
Lollia
Queen Cleopatra Vii Of Egypt
Cornelia
Father: Gaius Julias Ii Caesar Mother: Marcia
WIFE
Name: Servilla Born: Died:
CHILDREN

NOTES
1). Caesar, Caius Julius, 102? B.C. 44 B.C., Roman stat e s m a n and general. Although he was born into the Julia n g en s , o ne of the oldest patrician families in Rome, C aesa r w a s alw ays a member of the democratic or popula r party . I n 8 2 B.C. ,SULLA proscribed Caesar, who fle d from Rom e 8 1 B. C. . O n Sulla s death, Caesar returne d 78 B.C. to R ome a nd bega n his political career a s a member o f the pop ular p arty. I n 69 B.C. he helped P OMPEY to obta in the sup reme co mmand fo rthe war in th e East. He himse lf returne d to Rom e from Spa in in 68 B. C. and continue d to suppor t the enact ment of pop ular me asures and to pr osecute sena torial extor tionists. I n 6 3 B.C., as pontife x maximus, h e undertook th e refor m o f the calendar wit h the help of S osigenes the r esul t was o ne of his great est contribution s to history, t h e Julian CAL ENDAR. In 6 0 B.C. he organize d a coalition , kn own as the Fi rst Triu mvirate, made up o f Pompey, co mmande r in chief of t hear my Marcus Liciniu s Crassus see CRASS US, family , th e w ealthiest person i n Rome an d Caesar him self. In the ye a rs 58 to 49 B.C. h e firml y established hi s reputation i n th e GALLIC WARS. C aesa r made exploration s into Britai n in 5 5 and 54 B.C. a n d defeated the Britons . By the en d of the w ars Caesa r ha d reduced all Gaul to Ro man contr ol. These cam paign s prov ed him one of the greates t milit ary commander s o f all tim e and also developed the p erson al devotio n of th e Roman l egions to Caesar. Crassus s de ath 53 B .C. ende d the Fir st Triumvirate and set Pomp e y and Cae sar at odds . In 50 B .C. the senate ordered Caes a r to di sband his army , but tw o tribunes faithful to Cae sar , Ma rc ANTONY and Quin tus Cassius Longinus, vetoed th e bil l . They fled to Caesar , wh o assembled his army an d got t h e support of the soldie r s against the senate. O n Jan . 19 , 49 B.C., Caesar crosse d t he Rubicon, the stre am b oundin g his province, to ente r Ital y, andcivil wa r beg an. His m arch to Rome was a tri umphal p rogress. A t Phar sala in 48 B .C., Caesar defeate d Pompey, wh o fle d to Eg ypt, where he w as killed. Caesar , having pursu e d Pompe y to Egypt, remaine d there for som e time, livin g wit h CLEOPATRA and establish ing her firml y on the Egyp tian th r one. On his return to Ro me, he set a bout reformi ng th e livi ng conditions of the pe ople by pas sing AGRARI AN L AWS and b y improving housing acc ommodation s. In 44 B .C . he became di ctator for life. His d ictatoria l power s h ad aroused great r esentment in his enem ies, bu t wh e n a conspiracy was forme d against him, it wa s mad e u p o f his friends and protégés , among them Cimbe r , Casca , Ca ssius, and Marcus Junius Brutus see BRUTUS , fa mily . O n March 15 the Ides of March , 4 4 B.C., h e was st abb e d to death in the senate house. His wi ll le ft everyth i n g to his 18 year old grandnephew Octavia n later AUGUS TU S . Caesar made the Roman Empire possibl e by uniting t h e st ate after a century of disorder, b y establi shing a n a utocr acy in place of the oligarchy , and by pacify in g Ital y an d the provinces. He has alwa ys been one of t h e most c ontro versial characters of his tory, either cons idered th e defen der of the rights of t he people agains t an olig arc hy or re garded as an ambiti ous demagogue wh o forced hi s w ay to pow er and destroye d the republic. Th at he was gift e d and vers atile ther e can be little doubt . His commentari es on the G allic W ars seven books an d on the civil wa r th ree books ar e literary masterpiec es as well as clas sic mil itary do c uments. He was marrie d three times to Co rnelia, t o Pomp e ia, and to CALPURNIA . Source The Concis e Columbia Enc yclo pedia is license d from Columbia Univers ity Press. Co p yrigh t c 1995 b y Columbia University Pres s. All righ ts re serv ed. In his will he left three fourths of his estate to Ga i u s O c tavius Augustus , one eighth each to the other t w o g rand so ns of his sister Julia, Lucius Pinarius and Q ui ntu s Pedi us . At the end of the will he adopted Octavi u s int o the Ca esar family permitting him the use of t h e surnam e Caesar . Ca esar also left his gardens on th e b anks of t he Tiber R ive r to the general public for us e a s a recreat ion ground , an d three gold pieces a man.C aesa r, Caius J ulius, 102 ? B.C. 44 B.C., Roman statesm an an d general.Alt hough he wa s bor n i nto the Julian ge ns, on e of the oldes t patricianf amilie s in Rome, Caesa r was al ways a memb e r of the democr atic o r popularpart y. In 8 2 B.C., SULL A proscribed Caesar , who fl ed from R om e 8 1 B.C. .On Sul la s death, Caesar r eturned 78 B. C. to R ome and began h ispolitical caree r a s a memb e r of the po pular party. I n 69 B.C. he helpedPOMPE Y t o obtai n the su preme comma n d for the war in the Eas t . He himselfr eturn ed to Rome f rom Spain in 68 B.C. an d con tinued t o sup po rt theenactme nt of popular measure s and t o prosecute sen a torial extort ionists.In 63 B. C. , as ponti fex maximus , he u ndertook th e reform of the c alendarwith t he help o f Sosigen es t h e result was on e of his greatestc ontribu tions to his tory , the Julian C ALENDAR. In 60 B.C . h e or ganized acoalit io n, known a s the First Triumvirate , mad e up of Pompey, co m manderi n chie f of the army Marcu s L icinius Crassus se e CRAS SUS, family , thewealthiest pe r son in Rome a nd Ca es a r himself. In the years 58 to 4 9 B .C.he firmly establ i she d his reputation in the GALL I C WAR S. Caesar madeex plo ratio ns into Britain in 55 and 5 4 B.C . and defeate d the B ritons .Byt he end of the war s Caesa r had reduce d all Gau l to Rom an control. Thesecam paigns pr oved hi m on e of th e greates t military commande rs of all t imea nd also develo ped the per sonal devotio n o f the Roma n l egions to Caesar .Crassus s de ath53 B. C. ended the F i rst Triumvirate an d set P ompey a ndCaesa r at odds. I n 50 B .C. the senate or dered Caesar to d isba nd his army , but tw o tri bunes faithf ul to Caesar, Mar c A NTONY an d Quintus Ca ssiusLonginus, ve toed the bill. Th e y fl e d to Caesar, wh o assembled his ar myand got the su ppo r t of the soldiers ag ainst the senate . O n Jan. 19, 4 9B .C. , Caesar crossed th e Rubicon, the st ream bounding h i s provi nce, toenter Ita l y, and civil wa r began. His m a rch to Rom e was a triumpha lprogress. At Ph arsala in 4 8 B .C., Ca esa r defeated Pompey , who fled toEg ypt, wher e h e was killed. C aesar, having pu rsued Pompe y t o Egyp t,re mained there for s ome time, livin g with CLE OPATRA a nd es tablishing herfirml y on the Egypti an throne . On h is ret urn to Rome, he set ab outreforming th e livin g con dition s of th e people by passin g AGRARIAN LAW Sand b y i mprovin g housing accommodations. I n 44 B.C. he be c a m e dictator for life. His dictatorial powe rs had arou s e d great resen tment in hisenemies, but wh e n a conspir ac y w as formed a gainst him, it was made up ofhi s friend s an d pr otégés, a mong the m Cimber, Casca, Cassius , a nd Marcu sJuni us Brut us see BRUTUS, family . On Marc h 1 5 theId e s o f March , 44B.C., he was stabbed to de ath i n the sen ate ho use . His will lefteverything t o hi s 18 year old gr andneph e w Octavian later AUGUSTUS .Cae sar made th e Roma n Empi r e possibl e by uniting the stat e after acentur y o f disorde r, by establishing an autocr acy in place of t h e oliga rchy , and by pacifying Italy a nd the provinces. He h a s a lway s beenone of the most con t roversial character s o f h istory , either consideredth e defender of the right s o f th e peopl eag ainst an olig archy or regardedas an a mbit ious d emagog ue who forced h is way to power and dest r oye d therepu blic . That he wa s gifted and versatile the re ca n be littl e dou bt. Hisco mmentarie s on the Gallic W ars s even books an d on the civil war threebooks ar e literar y masterpie c e s a s well as classic military doc uments.H e was marrie d th r ee times to Cornelia, to Pompe ia , an d to CALPURNIA . So ur ce The Concise Columbia Ency clopedi a is licensed fr o m Colu mbia UniversityPress. Copy right c 199 5 by Colum b ia Unive rsity Press. All right s reserved. In his will he left three fourths of his estate to Ga i u s O c tavius Augustus , one eighth eac h to the other t w o g rand so ns of his sisterJulia, Lucius Pinarius and Qu in tu s Pediu s . At the e nd of the will headopted Octaviu s i nt o the Cae sa rfamily permitting him the use of the surn a m e Caesar . Ca esar also left his gardens on the b ank s o f the TiberRi ver t o the general publi c for us e a s a recr eation ground , and t hreegold pieces a man. !BIRTH edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged !DEATH edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged !BURIAL edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged