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I'm
Rob Salzman of
4130 SW 117th Ave # 415 Beaverton, OR,
97005 USA.
Welcome to e-familytree.net. E-familytree.net is my personal genealogy hobby site.
The data contained here has been gathered through 20 years of genealogy. Some small
part of it is my original research, but most of it has been shared with me.
It is important to understand:
This is SPECULATIVE DATA. Most of it is unverified. Use it for hints and pointers, but DO
YOUR OWN RESEARCH!
You can leave a comment on each page here. If you want to be notified
when this site changes, you can leave contact information here. I can
always be reached at the mailing address above, or by email at genealogy at e-familytree dot net.
This website built on November 02, 2009.
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Family Sheet
HUSBAND
Name: Oliver CromwellMale Note
Born: 1599 1599-1-1
Married:
Died: 1658 1658-1-1
WIFE
Born:
Died:
Father: James Bourchier Sir
Mother: Unknown
CHILDREN
Born:
Died:
Husband: Robert Rich Hon
Name: Richard Cromwell
Born:
Died:
Name: Henry Cromwell
Born: 1628
Died: 1678
NOTES
1). 1 UPDA 2 PLAC Lord Protector CROMWELL, OLIVER 1599 1658 , led the armed forces of Parliament to victory in the English Civil War in the 1640 s and ruled England from 1653 to 1658. He had an iron will and was a military genius. Few leaders have inspired more love and respect or more fear and hatred. Cromwell was born in Huntingdon, England, near Peterborough. He came from a wealthy and influential family. Cromwell studied at Sidney Sussex College in Cambridge, but his father s death forced him to leave before getting a degree. In 1628, he was elected to Parliament. During the 1630s, Cromwell became a dedicated Puritan. Puritans were Protestants who strongly believed in the right of people to follow more simple forms of worship and church organization than those of the Church of England see PURITANS . Rise to Power. In 1629, King Charles I dismissed Parliament. He believed that kings got their right to rule from God, not from the people. Charles showed little respect for Parliament and did not call it to meet until 1640, when he needed it to provide money. The struggle for power between the king and Parliament resumed, and civil war broke out in 1642. Cromwell had won election to Parliament in 1640, and he became its leading general. He had no military experience, but he turned out to be a brilliant cavalry leader. His forces, called the Ironsides, never lost a major battle. In 1645, Cromwell won the decisive Battle of Naseby. The king surrendered in 1646. Parliament s supporters split into two rival groups. These two groups were the Presbyterians and the Independents. The Presbyterians, who had the majority of the seats in Parliament, wanted Parliament and the king to share political power. Some of the independents, whose supporters included the chief officers of the army of Parliament, favored formation of a republic governed entirely by Parliament. Fighting between the king s sympathizers and the Independents broke out in 1648. Cromwell supported the Independents and put down the revolt. Soon afterward, Parliament s army seized Charles and removed the Presbyterian members of Parliament. Cromwell was a leader in the king s trial and execution in 1649. England then became a republic called the Commonwealth of England. In the next two years, Cromwell crushed uprisings by Scottish and Irish forces and defeated an army loyal to Charles Stuart, son of the executed king. The Protectorate. Parliament s failure to adopt major reforms upset Cromwell. In 1653, he dismissed Parliament and ended the Commonwealth. Cromwell s military officers then prepared a document that made England a Protectorate. Cromwell became its chief executive with the title of lord protector. Cromwell limited freedom of the press, demanded rigid moral standards, and adopted other strict measures. He also strengthened England s navy and brought Scotland and Ireland under English control. In addition, Cromwell aided the development of English colonies in Asia and North America. In 1657, Parliament offered Cromwell the title of king, but he refused it. After Cromwell died in 1658, his son, Richard, became lord protector. But Richard was an ineffective ruler and resigned in 1659. In 1660, Parliament invited Charles Stuart to rule as King Charles II. Update from queen s Official Web Site 8 10 97. Interregnum Cromwell s convincing military successes at Drogheda in Ireland 1649 , Dunbar in Scotland 1650 and Worcester in England 1651 forced Charles I s son, Charles, into foreign exile despite being accepted as king in Scotland. From 1649 to 1660, England was therefore a republic during a period known as the Interregnum between reigns . A series of political experiments followed, as the country s rulers tried to redefine and establish a workable constitution without a monarchy. Throughout the Interregnum, Cromwells relationship with Parliament was a troubled one, with tensions over the nature of the constitution and the issue of supremacy, control of the armed forces and debate over religious toleration. In 1653 Parliament was dissolved, and under the Instrument of Government, Oliver Cromwell became Lord Protector, later refusing the offer of the throne. Further disputes with the House of Commons followed at one stage Cromwell resorted to regional rule by a number of the army s major generals. After Cromwells death in 1658, and the failure of his son Richard s short lived Protectorate, the army under General Monk invited Charles I s son, Charles, to become King. Additional Information Oliver Cromwell was born into a strict Puritan family in 1599. Oliver entered Parliament in 1628 and stood stronly against Charles I. He served in the Short and Long Parliamentshe led Parliament in the execution of Charles and led the Commonwealth. In 1655, Oliver became sole ruler of England. In 1660, Parliament was reinstated and Cromwell was removed from his position. The Long Parliament, under the influence of Cromwell, severely limited the powers of the king. The Triennial Act declared that Parliament be called at least every three years, old feudal fiscal policies, the Court of the Star Chamber, and the Court of High Commission were ended. In 1642, Parliament removed episcopacy and took control of the army and navy. Charles confronted Parliament on the battlefield at Nottingham in 1642. Initially he was successful, but by 1645 Cromwell s New Model Army had defeated Charles. Charles was turned over to Parliament after surrendering to the Scottish. In 1646, England was ruled solely by Parliament. Cromwell reduced the Long Parliament to the Rump Parliament in 1648 by the forced and willing expulsion of 270 members. The Rump dismantled most parts of government still loyal to the king the monarchy, the Privy Council, the Courts of the Exchequer and the Admiralty, and the House of Lords. Cromwell then crushed the rebellions that were rising against his changes. The Rump became uneffective and it was removed, Cromwell instated a new Parliament which he also removed. In 1655, Cromwell took over sole control of the government. The Roundheads got their name from their short hair it was cropped so close to their skull that their heads appeared round. The Royalists, on the other hand, tended to have hair to their shoulders. Cromwell was unable to afford to maintain an army and was faced with wars against the Dutch. Cromwell created the House of Peers and, along with the Commons, Cromwell was named all but king. He became Lord Protector of the Realm. In 1658, Oliver died and named his son Richard as successor. Richard reinstated the Rump, but disagreements caused it to fall apart. General Monck reinstated the Rump in 1660 and allowed all members to enter. The Council of State was created and invited Charles II to the throne. After this, the Long Parliament dissolved itself after a twenty year session.
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