Count Heinrich XII Of Henneberg and Princess Of Brandenburg Judith
Husband Count Heinrich XII Of Henneberg 1
Born: Abt 1288 - Of Schleusingen, Sachsen, Prussia 1
Christened:
Died: 10 Sep 1347 1
Buried:
Father: Berthold Prince Of Henneberg Schleusingen (Abt 1271-1340) 1
Mother: Princess Of Hesse Adelheid (Abt 1268-1317) 1
Marriage: Aug 1317 1
Wife Princess Of Brandenburg Judith 1
Born: Abt 1301 - Of, Brandenburg, Brandenburg, Prussia 1
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Father: Margrave Of Brandenburg Hermann (Abt 1271-1307) 1
Mother: Princess Anna Habsburg Of Austria (Abt 1278-1327) 1 2
Children
1 F Elisabeth Countess Of Henneberg 1
Born: Abt 1320 - Of, Schleusingen, Sachsen, Prussia 1
Christened:
Died: 30 Mar 1389 1
Buried: - Stiftskirche, Stuttgart, Neckarkreis, Wurttemberg 1
Spouse: Eberhard III Count Wurttemberg (1315-1391) 1
Marr: 1340 - Of, Schleusingen, Sachsen, Prussia 1
2 F Countess Sofie Of Henneberg 1
Born: Abt 1323 - Of, Schleusingen, Sachsen, Prussia 1
Christened:
Died: 5 May 1372 1
Buried:
Spouse: Burgrave Albrecht Of Nurnberg (Abt 1319-1361) 1
Marr: 14 Apr 1348 1
3 F Countess Of Henneberg Anna 1
Born: Abt 1327 - Of Schleusingen, Sachsen, Prussia 1
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
4 F Countess Of Henneberg Schleusingen Katharine 1
Born: Abt 1332 - Of Schleusingen, Sachsen, Prussia 1
Christened:
Died: 15 Jul 1397 - Meissen, Dresden, Saxony 1
Buried: - Furstenkapelle, Altzelle Bei Nos, Dresden, Saxony 1
Spouse: Friedrich III Der Thuringia (1332-1381) 1
General Notes (Husband)
[royalty.ged]
NAME Heinrich XII (VIII), Count Of /HENNEBERG/
General Notes for Child Countess Of Henneberg Schleusingen Katharine
[royalty.ged]
NAME Katharine, Countess Of /HENNEBERG SCHLEUSINGEN/
BURI PLAC Furstenkapelle, Altzelle Bei Nossen, Dresden, Saxony
Marvin Loyd and Helen
Husband Marvin Loyd (details suppressed for this person)
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Father: Obra Monroe Loyd
Mother: Gladys
Marriage:
Wife Helen (details suppressed for this person)
Born:
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Children
1 M Randy Dean Loyd (details suppressed for this person)
Born:
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2 F Jill Ann Loyd (details suppressed for this person)
Born:
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3 F Stella Laynette Loyd (details suppressed for this person)
Born:
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Jake Thomas Roper and Helen
Husband Jake Thomas Roper (details suppressed for this person)
Born:
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Father: John Spencer Roper (1885-1961) 3 4
Mother: Lydia Carpenter (1895-1986) 3 4
Marriage:
Other Spouse: Opal Gilstrap
Wife Helen (details suppressed for this person)
Born:
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Children
1 M Jacob Dale Roper (details suppressed for this person)
Born:
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Walter Besford and Helen
Husband Walter Besford 5
Born: Abt 1210 - Besford, Worcester, England
Christened:
Died:
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Father: Vivian Besford (Abt 1185- ) 5
Mother:
Marriage:
Wife Helen 5
Born:
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Died:
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Children
1 M Alexander Besford 5
Born: 1230 - Besford, Worcester, England
Christened:
Died: Abt 1259 - London, Middlesex County, England
Buried:
Spouse: Margaret Naughton (Abt 1234- ) 5
Marr: Abt 1259 - London, Middlesex County, England
George Washington Roper and Helen
Husband George Washington Roper 3
Born: 3 Dec 1901 - Columbus, Cherokee, KS
Christened:
Died:
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Father: James Monroe Roper (1872-1956) 3
Mother: Amanda Harned (1882-1967) 3
Marriage:
Other Spouse: Gladys
Wife Helen (details suppressed for this person)
Born:
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Died:
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Melvin Land and Helen
Husband Melvin Land 3 4
Born: 1912
Christened:
Died: 1957 - , , NC
Buried:
Father: Robert Paul Land (Abt 1896-1970) 3 4
Mother: Lillie Christine Roper (1898-1984) 3 4
Marriage:
Other Spouse: Barbara (1912- ) 3 - 1933
Other Spouse: Elsie
Wife Helen 3
Born: 1913
Christened:
Died: 1934 - , , NC
Buried:
William C Stewart and Helen
Husband William C Stewart 3
Born: 1898
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Father: Stacy C Stewart (1872- ) 3
Mother: Margrette Ellen Clark (1872-1955) 3
Marriage:
Other Spouse: Annie Dee
Wife Helen (details suppressed for this person)
Born:
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Died:
Buried:
Children
1 F Constance Stewart (details suppressed for this person)
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
John Blount Sir Knight and Helen (Ellen)
Husband John Blount Sir Knight 1
Born: 1343 - Of Sodington, Worcester Co., England 1
Christened:
Died: 1424 - England 1
Buried:
Marriage: 1423 1
Other Spouse: Juliana Fowleshurst ( - ) 1 - Abt 1374 - Of, Sodington, Worcester, England 1
Other Spouse: Isabel (Isabella) Cornwall (Abt 1348- ) 1 - Abt 1384 - Of, Stafford, England 1
Wife Helen (Ellen) 1
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
George Montgomery Andrews and Helen Marie
Husband George Montgomery Andrews 5
Born: 23 May 1880 - Almo, Cassia, Idaho
Christened:
Died: 28 Nov 1951 - Culver City, California
Buried: 1 Dec 1951 - Inglewood, California
Father: Amos Montgomery Andrews (1849-1922) 5
Mother: Caroline(Caddy) Matilda Brackenbury (1852-Between 1881) 5
Marriage:
Wife Helen Marie 5
Born: 26 Aug 1887 - Tolna, Denmark
Christened:
Died: 14 Jan 1986 - Bellflower, Los Angeles, California
Buried:
Robert De Quinci Earl Winchester and Helen Verch Llywelyn Princess Of North Wales
Husband Robert De Quinci Earl Winchester 1 5 6 7
Born: Abt 1188 - Winchester, Hampshire, England 1 8
Christened: 1219
Died: 24 Apr 1264 - London, Middlesex, England 1 8 9
Buried: - Hospitallers, Clerkenwell, Middlesex, England
AFN: 91SM-NW
Father: Saire De Quincey Earl Of Winches (Between 1150-1219) 1 5 6 7
Mother: Margaret Fitzpernel (Abt 1154-1235) 5 6 7
Marriage: Abt 1248
Other Spouse: Hawise De Meschines (1160-After 1241) 5 6 7 10 - Abt 1207 - London, Middlesex County, England
Other Spouse: Helen McDougall Of Galloway (Abt 1208-1245) 1 5 6 - Abt 1220 - London, Middlesex County, England
Other Spouse: Maud De Bohun (Abt 1174-1252) 5 6 - After 1245
Other Spouse: Eleanor De Ferrers (Abt 1236-Bef 1274) 5 - Bef 5 Dec 1252
Wife Helen Verch Llywelyn Princess Of North Wales 2 5 6
Born: Abt 1208 - Gwynedd, Wales 2
Christened:
Died: Bef 24 Oct 1253 - Of, Chester, Cheshire, England 2
Buried:
AFN: 91SQ-0V
Father: Llywelyn Ap Iorwerth Prince Of Wales (1164-1240) 5 6 7 11
Mother: Tanglwy Verch Llywarch (Abt 1168-1236) 5 6
Other Spouse: Earl Donald Mar Of Mar (Abt 1243-Abt 1292) 1 2 5 6 11 - Abt 1269 - Of, Kildrummy, Aberdeenshire, Scotland 2
Other Spouse: Malcolm Macduff (Abt 1242-1266) 5 6 - Bef 1269
Other Spouse: John Le Scot Earl Of Chester (Abt 1207-1237) 5 - 1222
Children
1 F Isabella Quincey 5
Born: Abt 1238 - Wales
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
2 F Joan De Quinci 5 6
Born: Abt 1240 - Blisworth, Northampton, England
Christened:
Died: 25 Nov 1283
Buried:
AFN: 8XJQ-S1
Spouse: Humphrey VI De Bohun (Abt 1224-1265) 1 5 6
3 F Anne De Quincy 5
Born: Abt 1238 - Blisworth, Northampton, England
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
4 F Hawise De Quincey 5 6
Born: 1250 - Blisworth, Northamptonshire, England
Christened:
Died: 27 Mar 1285
Buried:
AFN: 91SP-V7
Spouse: Baldwin Wake Baron (1237-1280) 5
Marr: 5 Feb 1266-1267
General Notes (Husband)
1 NAME de /Quency/
General Notes for Child Isabella Quincey
Source: <mmurphy@alf2.TCD.IE>
General Notes for Child Anne De Quincy
became a nun.
General Notes for Child Hawise De Quincey
This individual has the following other parents i n t h e A n cestral File: Robert /DE QUINCY/ (AFN:G8BN-QL ) an d H ele n / / (AFN:G8BN-RR) Source: LDS Ancestral File
Earl Donald Mar Of Mar and Helen Verch Llywelyn Princess Of North Wales
Husband Earl Donald Mar Of Mar 1 2 5 6 11
AKA: Donald Earl Of Mar
Born: Abt 1243 - Of, Kildrummy, Aberdeenshire, Scotland 2
Christened:
Died: Abt 1292
Buried:
AFN: 9BFT-V8
Father: William Earl Of Mar (1222-Abt 1281) 5
Mother: Elizabeth Comyn (Abt 1223-1267) 5
Marriage: Abt 1269 - Of, Kildrummy, Aberdeenshire, Scotland 2
Wife Helen Verch Llywelyn Princess Of North Wales 2 5 6
Born: Abt 1208 - Gwynedd, Wales 2
Christened:
Died: Bef 24 Oct 1253 - Of, Chester, Cheshire, England 2
Buried:
AFN: 91SQ-0V
Father: Llywelyn Ap Iorwerth Prince Of Wales (1164-1240) 5 6 7 11
Mother: Tanglwy Verch Llywarch (Abt 1168-1236) 5 6
Other Spouse: Robert De Quinci Earl Winchester (Abt 1188-1264) 1 5 6 7 - Abt 1248
Other Spouse: Malcolm Macduff (Abt 1242-1266) 5 6 - Bef 1269
Other Spouse: John Le Scot Earl Of Chester (Abt 1207-1237) 5 - 1222
Children
1 M Alexander Of Mar 2 5
Born: Abt 1276 - Of Kildrummy Castle, Kildrummy, Aberdeenshire, Scotland 2
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
AFN: 83TP-PK
2 F Margaret Of Mar 6
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Spouse: John Of Strathbogie ( - ) 6
3 M Gratney Gartnet 7th Earl Of Mar 5
Born: Abt 1272 - Castle Kildru, Aberdeenshire, Scotland
Christened:
Died: Sep 1305
Buried:
Spouse: Christina Bruce (Abt 1273-Abt 1356) 2 5 6
Marr: 1292 - Kildrummy, Aberdeenshire, Scotland
4 M Duncan Of Mar 2 5
Born: Abt 1274 - Of Kildrummy Castle, Kildrummy, Aberdeenshire, Scotland 2
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
AFN: 83TP-ND
5 M Gratney (Gartnet) Earl Of Mar 2
Born: - Of Kildrummy Castle, Kildrummy, Aberdeenshire, Scotland 2
Christened:
Died: Sep 1305 2
Buried:
AFN: 9G46-92
6 F Mary Of Mar 2 5
Born: Abt 1280 - Of Kildrummy Castle, Kildrummy, Aberdeenshire, Scotland 2
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
AFN: 83TP-S3
7 F Marjory (Margaret) Of Mar 1 2 5
AKA: Marjory Countess Of Mar
Born: Abt 1270 - Of, Mar, Aberdeenshire, Scotland 2
Christened:
Died: Bef 24 Jul 1376 1
Buried:
AFN: B3C6-5C
Spouse: John Strathbogie Earl Of Atholl (Abt 1265-1306) 1
Marr: Abt 1289 - Of Mar, A, Scotland 1
8 F Isabell (Matilda) Of Mar 1 2 5 6 11
Born: Abt 1278 - Of Kildrummy Castle, Kildrummy, Aberdeenshire, Scotland 2
Christened:
Died: Abt 1320 1 2
Buried:
AFN: 83TP-QQ
Spouse: King Robert I De Brus Of Scotland (1274-1329) 1 2 5 6 11
Marr: Abt 1295 - Scotland 2 11
General Notes (Husband)
[royalty.ged]
!Lines of Succession, table 13.
General Notes for Child Isabell (Matilda) Of Mar
[royalty.ged]
!Lines of Succession, table 13.
Malcolm Macduff and Helen Verch Llywelyn Princess Of North Wales
Husband Malcolm Macduff 5 6
Born: Abt 1242 - Fife
Christened:
Died: 1266 12
Buried:
Father: Duncan Macduff ( - ) 6
Mother: Alice Corbet ( - ) 6
Marriage: Bef 1269
Wife Helen Verch Llywelyn Princess Of North Wales 2 5 6
Born: Abt 1208 - Gwynedd, Wales 2
Christened:
Died: Bef 24 Oct 1253 - Of, Chester, Cheshire, England 2
Buried:
AFN: 91SQ-0V
Father: Llywelyn Ap Iorwerth Prince Of Wales (1164-1240) 5 6 7 11
Mother: Tanglwy Verch Llywarch (Abt 1168-1236) 5 6
Other Spouse: Robert De Quinci Earl Winchester (Abt 1188-1264) 1 5 6 7 - Abt 1248
Other Spouse: Earl Donald Mar Of Mar (Abt 1243-Abt 1292) 1 2 5 6 11 - Abt 1269 - Of, Kildrummy, Aberdeenshire, Scotland 2
Other Spouse: John Le Scot Earl Of Chester (Abt 1207-1237) 5 - 1222
Children
1 M Colbran Macduff 6
Born:
Christened:
Died: 1270 12
Buried:
Spouse: Anne Durward ( - ) 6
General Notes (Husband)
1 UPDA 2 DATE 1228 2 PLAC Acceded:
General Notes for Child Colbran Macduff
1 UPDA 2 DATE 1266 2 PLAC Acceded:
John Le Scot Earl Of Chester and Helen Verch Llywelyn Princess Of North Wales
Husband John Le Scot Earl Of Chester 5
Born: Abt 1207
Christened:
Died: 5 Jun 1237 - Yorkshire
Buried:
Marriage: 1222
Noted events in his life were:
• Alt. Death, Yprkshire, 5 Jun 1237
Wife Helen Verch Llywelyn Princess Of North Wales 2 5 6
Born: Abt 1208 - Gwynedd, Wales 2
Christened:
Died: Bef 24 Oct 1253 - Of, Chester, Cheshire, England 2
Buried:
AFN: 91SQ-0V
Father: Llywelyn Ap Iorwerth Prince Of Wales (1164-1240) 5 6 7 11
Mother: Tanglwy Verch Llywarch (Abt 1168-1236) 5 6
Other Spouse: Robert De Quinci Earl Winchester (Abt 1188-1264) 1 5 6 7 - Abt 1248
Other Spouse: Earl Donald Mar Of Mar (Abt 1243-Abt 1292) 1 2 5 6 11 - Abt 1269 - Of, Kildrummy, Aberdeenshire, Scotland 2
Other Spouse: Malcolm Macduff (Abt 1242-1266) 5 6 - Bef 1269
Henry J Shuck and Helena
Husband Henry J Shuck 5
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Marriage:
Wife Helena 5
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Children
1 F Lavina Shuck 5
Born: 4 Mar 1813
Christened: - St Johns Luth, Manorton, Fulton County, NY
Died:
Buried:
Spouse: Malgert Van Valkenburg (1805- ) 5
Marr: 21 Nov 1832 - St Johns Luth Ch, Manorton, Fulton County, NY
General Notes for Child Lavina Shuck
BIRTH & BAPTISM: Church record
Inge I The Elder Of Sweden Stenkilsson King Of Sweden and Queen Helena Of Sweden
Husband Inge I The Elder Of Sweden Stenkilsson King Of Sweden 1 6
Born: Abt 1050 1
Christened:
Died: Abt 1110 1
Buried:
Father: Stenkil I Of Sweden Ragnvaldsson King Of Sweden (Abt 1025-1066) 1 6
Mother: Emundsdotter Of Sweden (Abt 1025- ) 1
Marriage:
Other Spouse: Christina Queen Of Sweden ( - ) 1
Other Spouse: Maer ( - ) 6
Wife Queen Helena Of Sweden 1 6
Born: Abt 1070 1
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Children
1 F Margrete Frithkolla Ingesdotter 1
Born: Abt 1075 - , , Sweden 1 13
Christened:
Died: 4 Nov 1130 1
Buried:
Spouse: Magnus Olafson ( - ) 1
Marr: 1101 1
Spouse: Knut\Canute IV Svendssen King Of Denmark The Saint (Abt 1040- ) 1
Marr: Abt 1105 1
2 F Kristina Ingesdottir Of Sweden 1 6
Born: Abt 1078 - Of, Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden 1
Christened:
Died: 18 Jan 1121-1122 - Some Say Died 1120. 1
Buried:
Spouse: Grand Duke Mstislav Of Kiev (1076-1132) 1 5 6
Marr: 1095 - Of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden 1
Spouse: Bjorn Of Denmark Haraldson ( -1134) 6
3 F Margaret Frithpoll 1 6
Born:
Christened:
Died: 4 Nov 1130 1
Buried:
Spouse: King Magnus III Olavsson Of Norway (1073-1103) 1 6
Marr: 1101
Spouse: Niels Of Denmark Svendsson King Of Denmark ( -1134) 1 6
Marr: Abt 1105
4 F Katarina Princess Of Sweden 1
Born: Abt 1110 1
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Spouse: Bjorn Jernside ( - ) 1
5 M Rognvald Of Sweden Ingisson 6
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
6 M Ragnvald Princess Of Sweden 1
Born: Abt 1112 1
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
General Notes (Husband)
[royalty.ged]
NAME Inge I, King Of /SWEDEN/
General Notes for Child Margaret Frithpoll
[royalty.ged]
!Lines of Succession, table 16.
J. E. Gibbs Col. and Helena Lady
Husband J. E. Gibbs Col. 11
Born: 1879 11
Christened:
Died: 1932 11
Buried:
Marriage:
Wife Helena Lady 11
Born: 1899 11
Christened:
Died: 1969 11
Buried:
Father: Marquess Adolphus Of Cambridge (1868-1927) 1 2 6 11 14
Mother: Margaret Evelyn Grosvenor Lady (1873-1929) 6 11 14
Nicholas Sharp and Helena
Husband Nicholas Sharp 5
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Marriage:
Wife Helena 5
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Children
1 F Maria Sharp 5
Born:
Christened: 9 Oct 1785 - Luthern Church, West Sand Lake, Rensselaer County, NY
Died:
Buried:
Spouse: Pieter Van Valkenburg (1783-Abt 1837) 5
Marr: 20 Mar 1804 - Rpdc, Wynantskill, Rensselaer County, NY
General Notes for Child Maria Sharp
BIRTH & BAPTISM: Church record MARRIAGE: Church rec o r ds
Helena
Husband
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Marriage:
Wife Helena 5
Born: 0248 - Boznia-Serbia-Herzegovina, Then Ilyricum
Christened:
Died: 0328 - London, Middlesex County, England
Buried:
Father: Coel King Of Colchester (Abt 0205-After 0248) 5
Mother: Strada The Fair (Abt 0207-After 0248) 5
Children
1 M Constantine I 'The Great' The Emperor Of Rome 5
Born: Abt 0269 - Britain
Christened:
Died: 22 May 0337 - Achyrion Near Nicodemia
Buried:
Spouse: Fausta The Elder (Abt 0289- ) 5
General Notes (Wife)
Helen (Helena) of the Cross, called also "Britannica " , b o r n in 248, died in 328. The arms of Colchester we r e "a c ro s s with three crowns." She was the first wif e o f Consta nti u s I. Chlorus (Falvius Valerius Constanti us) , governo r o f Da lmatia, appointed Caesar to rule Gau l an d Britai n Marc h 1 , 293. He was the son of Eutropiou s , a Dardania n noblem an d escended from the Gordiani, a n d his wife, Cla udia, dau ghte r of Claudius II. (Marcu s Au relius Flavius C laudius Go thicu s), a virtuous and w orth y Roman Emperor (2 68-270), wh o wa s a soldier, state sman , and a distinguishe d officer. B orn i n Illyria 214 , he w as trained in the har d school of w arfar e on the D anube f rontier, and died of t he Plague in 2 70, ag ed 55 , whereup on his brother Marcus A urelius Claudiu s Quint i llus becam e Emperor. Constantiu s I became Empero r of Ro m e in May 3 05, and in right of hi s wife, King of En glan d. H e was bo rn in 242 and died at E boracum (present d a y York, E nglan d) on July 25, 306. He m arried (2) Theod ora , daughte r o f Maximinus, Roman Emperor . The son of H elen a nd Consta n tius I. was Constantine th e Great.
Also -
Helena - The Tavern Girl Who Became an Empress an d a S a i n t Wife of Constantius I and mother of Constanti ne Th e s to r y of Saint Helena is one of the most famou s classi c Ci nde re lla tales of all time in many countrie s and cul tures . Sh e i s one of the most honored of the s aints in t he Eas ter n or G reek Orthodox Church. Strangel y, her stor y is n o t a very we ll known one outside the O rthodox Chur ch in t h e United Stat es, even amongst the R oman Catholi c communi t y to which sh e is also a symbol o f goodness an d piety . I t is one of thos e strange parado xes of literat ure tha t th e fairy tale is pa ssed along b y parents to th eir chil dre n from generation t o generati on while some o f the stor ie s of real people are a ll bu t forgotten.
Helena was born and grew up in the Roman province of I l l y r icum (modern Bosnia, Serbia, and Herzegovina) in t h e m i d Th ird Century. Not much is known about her famil y , bu t t hey w ere probably quite poor because she foun d i t nece ssar y to w ork in a tavern as a servant girl, a n oc cupatio n n o daughte r of a wealthy man would choose . In f act th e stat us of STAB VLARIA, or tavern girls wer e littl e bette r tha n prostitute s in the Roman world.
In her line of work, Helena was bound to gain the atte n t i o n of men. These were often soldiers in the Roman ar m y s er vi ng on the frontiers far from their homes. Thes e s oldi er s wh o spent their lives guarding Rome's fronti er s ofte n to o k a local wife or mistress to ease the lon eli ness an d dis co mfort of an army camp far from the civ iliz ed worl d the y kne w. Such was the case with Helena . A han dsome bu t pal e skinn ed Roman general had soon fa llen dee ply in lo ve wit h the yo ung Helena and took he r as his mi stress. Th is wa s Constanti us Chlorus. who wa s later to b ecome the e mpero r Constantiu s I. Our pale s oldier migh t have marrie d his l ocal girl, bu t there wa s always th e chance that h e might b e stationed ba ck i n the civilize d world someda y and be mar ried into a fa m ily with influe nce and power . During ancien t times, lo ve wa s not consid ered an import ant reason to ma rry. All ying ones elf wit h the proper fami ly and making th e righ t political c onne ctions were much m ore important rea son s.
Like many frontier army families had done in the pas t , C o n stantius and Helena settled down to a life togeth e r o n t h e edge of the empire. Before too long, their un io n pr oduc e d a son, who was named Constantine. We migh t ne ver h ave h ea rd of this little family except for a n even t whic h now c am e to pass that brought sadness int o the c ouple' s life bu t e nsured a prominent place in th e histor y book s for all t hre e members.
The Roman emperor at that time was Diocletian, who h a d c o m e to the throne in A. D. 284 after a fifty year p er io d du ri ng which the man who was emperor seemed to re cei v e the k is s of death as soon as he ascended the thro ne . Wa rs again s t external enemies, rebels at home, an d th e disc oncertin g t endency for the Praetorian Guard t o cho ose a f avorite , pu t him on the throne, and then mu rder h im afte r a shor t reig n had made it clear that som e chang es wer e needed i n the go vernment. Diocletian cam e up wit h an id ea that mad e the jo b of emperor a much s afer on e and grea tly strength ened th e Roman Empire duri ng thi s period of c risis. He wou ld shar e the governmen t of th e Roman Empir e with another m an, an i mperial col league . The colleagu e would set up hi s court i n a dista nt city , which made i t hard to murder bo th emperor s a t the sam e time. Furtherm ore, the colleague w ould be bo u nd to th e senior augustu s by family, friendship , and p oliti cal t ies that would ho pefully ensure that he w oul d not tur n a nd become a rebel . For the post of imperi a l colleagu e i n the West, Dioclet ian now chose Maximian us , who beca me th e Roman emperor i n the West in April , A. D . 286. Di ocletia n would continu e to rule in the E ast. In 2 93, Dio cletian ch ose a caesa r who would succee d him on th e thro ne. Maximianu s was tol d to do the sam e and chose th e suc cessful and loya l gener al Constantiu s Chlorus to be h i s caesar.
As part of the process of building an unbreakable bo n d b e t ween the two augusti, and their two caesars, Maxi mi an o rd er ed Constantius to forsake Helena and take hi s ow n st e p - da ughter Theodora as his wife. The boy Con stant ine w a s sent a way to be raised in the household o f Galer ius, w h o was Dioc letian's caesar.
Diocletian's plan was for the two augusti to rule fo r t w e n ty years and then abdicate. The two caesars woul d th e n b e p romoted to augusti and would presumably hav e th e ex peri enc e to govern well. In this way the succes sio n was n ot le ft u p to chance and the new emperors wou ld b e prepar ed t o rule . In A. D. 305, Diocletian willin gly a nd Maximi anu s relucta ntly gave up their thrones an d pass ed along t he l eadershi p of empire in front of the ir troo ps.
Meanwhile, the seeds of jealousy which would tear th i s v e r y sensible system apart had been sown. Constanti n e ha d be co me a popular general in his own right and Co ns tanti us im med iately invited his son to join him in Br ita in. Ga leriu s rea lly did not want the young man to le ave , consid erin g hi alm ost a hostage to ensure that hi s fat her did n ot ma ke any mo ves against Galerius. He gr udging ly gave pe rmissi on for Con stantine to leave. Cons tantin e left in th e middl e of the ni ght before he was e xpecte d to and mad e a wild r ide toward s the coast of Ga ul wher e his fathe r was about t o set sai l for Britain . Constant ine arrive d just in time t o catch th e fleet b efore it le ft. Fathe r and son were no w joyously re unite d after thir teen years . It appears tha t no one remembe r ed the woman , Constantin e's mother, tha t Constantius ha d l oved so de eply twenty y ears ago.
The happy reunion of father and son was to be a ver y b r i e f one. In 306, Constantius became sick and died a t Yo r k , pr obably within shouting distance of the plac e wher e a no the r emperor, Septimius Severus, had died al most tw o hu ndr ed y ears before. By one of those amazin g coincide nce s of h istor y, both emperors had died afte r having ret urne d fro m a mili tary campaign against th e Picts in th e nort h of Br itain , a land that would late r be called Sc otland.
It was now after all these years that her son coul d n o w e l evate Helena to the position of respect and hon or t ha t h e r husband was unable or unwilling to do. In a n ag e wh en r oy al titles were multiplying and becoming e ver m ore g randi os e sounding, Constantine reverently bes towe d upon h is mot he r the title of NOBILISSIMA FEMINA , meani ng "Mos t Honore d an d Noble Lady." Evidence of be ing acco rded thi s title i s sym bolized on coins of the p eriod b y the addin g of the l etter s NF in the obverse le gend aft er the noble woman's nam e. Thi s title is also th e one cho sen for the i ntroductio n to th e section on Rom an women i n this author' s present w ork. A s time went on , the Rol e of Helena gre w to where sh e hel d a positio n of power a nd influence i n Constantine' s govern ment. B y providing h er son with wis e counsel, sh e became a s mu ch the powerfu l woman behind t he throne tha t Livia, Ju l ia Domna, and J ulia Maesa had be en in previou s ages.
The events of Helena's later life contain the elem e n t s o f legend which have given her such a prominent pl a c e i n Rom an Catholic Church tradition. In A. D. 326, w o r k wa s offici ally begun on the transformation of the s ma l l an d ancient G reek town of Byzantium into the New R om e o f Con stantine's a mbitious dreams. This city was t o b e nam ed Con stantinople a nd was a capital of Christia nit y and t he Roma n East until A . D. 1453. Helena was b y no w an ol d woman o f eighty but sh e found the energy t o emb ark o n a lengthy p ilgrimage to th e holy places o f Christ ianity . All along th e path of her jo urney, th e people ve nerate d and expresse d their love for th eir e mpress. Hele na perf ormed acts of c harity, endowed chur c hes, and coll ected ho ly relics in he r travels. When sh e pa ssed throug h a place , prisoners wer e granted a pard on.
The climax of Helena's storybook life was her disco v e r y o f the True Cross, which she duly brought back t o b e g iv e n a place of reverence in Constantine's new ci ty . Wi t h a tr ue flair for the dramatic, the bishop at J eru sale m u nearthe d a three - hundred year old cross fro m th e ear th o f Calvar y that had mysteriously never see n th e ravage s o f time, soi l, and wood - boring insects . Whil e this re li c may have bee n planted in an ingeniou s plo t by the bis ho p to create an a ncient artifact, a h oly re lic, and a mi rac le before the eye s of the eight y - yea r old empress, l et u s not allow the in trusion o f archaeo logical facts rui n th e impact of a good s tory . Regardles s of the genuinene ss o f the cross that ha d b een discover ed, these events he lpe d to create a popu lar Chu rch legen d and secure a perma nen t place in histo ry for thi s remar kable woman.was as fo llow s, viz:
Culpeper's Patent to be Governor General of Virginia
Charles the Second by the grace of God of England, Sco t l a n d, France and Ireland, King, Defender of the Faith , e t c . T o all to whom these Presents shall come Greetin g:
Know Yee that Wee, for and in consideration of the m a n y g o od faithful and acceptable services done and rend er e d un t o us from time to time, as well in forraigne pa rt s a s wit hi n our dominions by our right trusty and wel l b elov ed Tho ma s Lord Culpeper, baron of Thoresway, eld es t son a nd hei r o f our late right trusty and well belo ve d Councel lor Joh n Lo rd Culpeper deceaced, of whose me mor y and serv ices we e also e retain a gracious and favou rabl e sence, an d for di vers ot her good causes and consi derat ions us ther eunto esp eciall y moving, of our esspec ial ce rtain knowled ge and mee r motio n, have given and g rante d and by these p resents, fo r us ou r heirs and succ essors , doe give and gr ant unto th e said Th omas Lord Cu lpepe r the office of ou r Lieutenant , and Govern or Gener al o f all that our colon y and dominio n of Virgini a in A meric a, with all the right s members an d appertenance s w hatsoe ver; and him the sai d Thomas Lord C ulpeper our Li e utenan t and Governor Genera l of all our sai d colony an d dom ini on of Virginia in Amer ica and of all th e right s membe r s and appertenances whats oever, we, for u s ou r heirs an d su ccessors, do make ordai ne constitute a n d appoint b y these p resents,
To Have, Hold occupie possesse and enjoy the said of f i c e o f our Lieutenant and Governor General above menti on e d w it h all and singular the rights authorities prehe min en ce s jur isdictions profits, sallaries and appertena nce s wh ats oeve r thereunto belonging and appertaining, u nt o him t he s aid T homas Lord Culpeper.
To be exercised by himself or, in his absence, by su c h d e p uty or deputies as we our heirs and successors sh al l a n d wi ll commission thereunto from time to time.
From and immediately after the death, surrende,r fforf e i t u re or other avoidance of Sir William Berkeley our p re se n t G overnor there, for and during the natural lif e o f th e s ai d Thomas Lord Culpeper.
And for the better support of the dignity of the sai d o f f i ce, wee do, for us our heirs and successors, giv e an d g ra n t unto the said Lord Culpeper the yearly fe e and s ala r y o f one thousand pounds of lawfull money o f Englan d dur in g hi s natural life; which for us our hei rs and su ccesso r s wee d o appoint to be paid from time t o time t o the sa i d Lord Cul peper and his assigns, durin g his nat ural lif e a s aforesaid , out of the first reven ews and mo neys whic h ar e or shall b e from time to tim e raised ther e for th e suppo rt of the Gov ernment and pa yment of our o fficers o f our sa id colony an d dominion ; by quarterly pa yments upo n the fea st days of St . Joh n the Baptist [Jun e 24], St. M ichael th e archangel [Se p tember 29], the Nat ivity of ou r Lord God [ December 25] , an d the Annunciatio n of the Ble ssed Virgin M ary [Marc h 25], b y equal portio ns (the firs t payment there of t o begin and b e made upo n the first o f the said feast d a ys which shall ne xt imme diately ensu e the deat,h surrend e r, fforfeiture or o the r avoidance o f Sir William Berke ley).
And also all such other fees sallaries allowances pro f i t t s perquisites powers authorities privileges prehemi na nc e s a nd jurisdictions whatsoever, civill and militar y , a s t o th e said office of our Lieutenant and Governo r G ener al d o an d ought to oppertaine, and in as large a nd a mpl e manne r t o all intents and purposes whatsoever , as t he s aid Si r Will iam Berkeley or any other perso n or pers ons h ath, do , or ou ght to execute and enjoy th e same.
And lastly wee hereby strictly charge and comman d a l l o u r officers ministers and subjects whatsoever i n o r ab ou t th e said collony or dominion of Virginia t o be e at al l a nd o n all occasions obedient aydeing an d assis ting t o th e sai d Thomas Lord Culpeper and such d eputy o r deputi es a s shal l be commissioned by us our he irs or s uccessor s fro m time t o time as aforesaid, touch ing the d ue execut ion o f the sai d office and employment , and al l the matter s an d things her ein specified accor ding to t he tenor purp ose a nd intent o f these presents ; any forme r grants commi ssion s instruction s or any oth er matter o r thing whatsoev er t o the contrary n otwithst anding.
Although express mention of the true yearely value o r c e r t ainty of the premisses or any of them or of any o the r g i f t or grants
by us or any of our progenitors or predecessors heret o f o r e made to the aforesaid Thomas Lord Culpeper in the s e p re mi ses is not made, in any statute, act, ordenanc , e prov isi on , proclamation or restriction heretofore ha d , made , publ ish ed ordayned or provided [these our lett er s shal l obtain ] an y other thing cause or matter whats oev er to t he contra ry th ereof in any wise notwithstandi ng.
In witness whereof we have caused these our lett e r s t o b e made pattent.
Witness ourselves, at Westminster the eighth day o f J u l y i n the seaven and twentieth yeare of our reign e [167 5].
By writ of Privy Seal.
Immediately upon Berkeley's death, in July, 1677, Cul p e p e r took the oaths as Governor (Acts P. C., Colonia l , i , 72 1 ) and served as such until he forfeited his pa te nt i n Aug us t, 1683 (Am. & W.I., 1677-80, No. 360, 384 , 3 86) . He was , h owever, in the colony only during tw o brie f to urs, fro m Ma y to August, 1680, and from Decem ber, 16 82, t o May, 16 83. T he historians of the period a ll recor d tha t on the fi rst oc casion his affability an d apparen t inter est in thei r welfar e won golden opinion s from th e planter s, but tha t his secon d appearance wa s character ized by ex hibitions o f rapacity w hich disgus ted all wh o came into c ontact with . the administ ration . None of th ese writers pr ovides a con vincing explana ti on of this ha rdening of Phar oah's heart . The fact seem s t o be that i n 1680, encourage d by the suc cess of hi s blandis hments , Culpeper made up h is mind tha t he coul d secure loca l a cquiescence in an eff ective appli catio n of the two prop r ietary charters in whi ch he was int er ested; and in orde r t o reap the full harve st of suc h a n achievement determ ined t o buy out all the o ther pr opriet ors. He accordingl y returne d to England, an d dul y made th e purchase in th e summer of 1 681. His dee d fro m the othe r proprietors o f the Northern Ne ck was dat e d July 21st an d that from Lo rd Arlington, Septem ber 1 0 , 1681 (Close Rol l 4568, 33 Ca r. II, pt. 14, No. 19 ; H eni ng, ii, 578).
Because they gave the colour to his new relations w i t h t h e Virginians, it was as appropriate that Culpeper ' s f irs t a ct, on his return to Virginia in December, 16 82 , sh oul d b e to record these instruments in the Genera l C our t (Min ute s of the Council and General Court, ed . McIl wain e, 1924 , p . 523), as his first act on his pre vious a rriva l (May 1 0, 1 680) had been to so record hi s patent a s Gove rnor (Hen ing , ii, 567). He now asserte d his propri etary r ights in t he N orthern Neck with vigo r. Reciting h imself ' sole owner, ' h e appointed a 'Recei ver General' f or that t erritory an d gav e his officer th e full backin g of the gov ernment (Va . Mag. , ix, 309; i , 125).
He was thus enabled to collect the quit rents, bot h a b o v e and below the Rappahannock; but the profits whi ch w e r e ex pected from fines on land grants in the North ern N e c k wer e conspicuously lacking. No one entered fo r new l a n d in tha t territory: the jacitation of the pro prietar y t it le serve d only to stir the embers of the re sentmen t an d su llen oppo sition to the existence of a pr oprietar y, wh ich B erkeley ha d fomented.
In March, 1682/3, Culpeper wrote from Greensprin g t o L o r d Dartmouth (Va. Mag., xx, 82) notifying his de sir e t o re tu rn to England 'for a short time to prepar e cert ai n thing s o f great consequence in the future whi ch cann o t be wel l unde rstood by letter.' This adumbrati on of a n i mminent a bandonm ent of duty without leave ma y be expl aine d by Culpe per's ap preciation that his inve stment i n the t wo charter s was like ly to be a loss, an d that hi s best op portunity t o recoup wa s to be at cour t and ther e seek t o sell his fra nchise eithe r to the Cr own or to t he colony . Although hi s return cost h im hi s post (and, w hat hurt h im more, his s alary) as Govern o r, in respect t o the Arlin gton charter h e was successfu l : in considerat ion of a pen sion of 1600 pe r annum fo r 21 ye ars, charge d upon the est ablishment of th e army , he surrend ered tha t grant to th e Crown by a deed d ate d May 27, 1684 ( Va. M ag., xxxii, 19 2). As to the North e rn Neck, Nicholas Sp en cer was able co ntemporaneously , by a n adroit insistenc e u pon the reimbur sement of th e late Gov ernor for his di sburse ment out of t he quit re nts for the s upport of th e rangers , to provok e the Asse mbly (Journals H . B. 1660- 93, pp. 202 , 203, 208 , 228; H ening, iii, 27) t o reques t Lord Howard t o open ne w nego tiations for a purch ase o f the Northern Nec k charte r o f 1669 by the colony, o n th e basis of the agreem en t o f 1675; but partly on the qu es tion of price and part l y be cause Virginia still lacke d t he power to make th e purch as e in a corporate capacity , tha t business faile d.
Culpeper then turned for a moment to, speculative inve s t m e nts elsewhere in America. In 1685 he appears as 'o n e o f t h e owners of the soyle of the Narragansett Terit or y' ( Act s P .C., Colonial, ii, 80) ; but he never aband one d hi s hop es o f the Northern Neck. Because no marke t ha d yet b een fo und f or it, when the 21 year term of t he ch arter o f 1669 b egan t o wear out, he invoked his in teres t once mo re to sec ure a r enewal. This he accomplis hed a t the hand s of Jame s II. Hi s petition (Treas. Pape rs, 4 : 5, p. 298 ) was date d July 10 , 1688, and as Bever ley sa ys: 'in th e confusion t hat happen 'd in the End o f King J ames the Se cond's Reign ' he secure d the final N orthern N eck charter , bearing dat e September 2 7, 1688.
Despite this boon from the last Stuart King, the n e x t w e h ear of Culpeper is that he was deeply involve d i n t he i ntri gues to overthrow the Stuart dynasty. I n Dece mber , 168 8, af ter James II's twofold flight, he w as on e of th e self -const ituted Committee of the House o f Lord s who in vi te d the Pri nce of Orange to assume th e govern ment (His torica l MSS. Com mission, First Report , p. 16; V a. Mag., x x, 82) . Bishop Bur net says (Histor y of His Ow n Times, i , 798, 81 9) that he wa s the only o ne of the Lo rds, who, i n the Conv ention Parliam ent, sup ported Halifa x's proposa l that Orang e should be ele cte d King in his o wn right.
But if he thus prudently took part in the 'glorious Re v o l u tion,' he did not survive to reap the reward on wh i c h h e un doubtedly counted. The Journals of the Hous e o f Lo rd s sho w that on January 25, 1688/9, he was abse nt s ick f ro m a cal l of the House; and that on March 2nd , Joh n, Lor d C olepepe r was sworn in. The proprietor o f the No rther n Nec k had die d at his house in St. Jame s Street o n Janua ry 27 , 1688/9 , a few weeks before th e completio n of his f ifty-f ourth yea r.
He m., 1659, Margaretta (1635-1710), dau. of Jan van H e s s e , late of the household of the Prince of Orange, de ce as ed.
Her birth (January 12, 1634/5), marriage (at The Hag u e , A u gust 3, 1659) and pedigree are recorded in the Du t c h gene al ogical periodical De Nederlandsche Leeuw, xi v ( 18 96), p . 17 2. Her burial is in the Bromfield (Kent ) reg ist er, Ma y 12 , 1710, as 'the Right Honourable Marg aret L ad y Culpepe r.' T here is no MI.
In a private act of Parliament passed in August, 1 6 6 3 ( 1 2 Car. II, c. 12; House of Lords MS.; Cf. list o f p ri vat e a cts in Ruffhead, iii) to naturalise the fore ig n bor n wi ve s brought home from the exile by several o f t he cav alier s , she was described as 'Margaret Lady Cu lpep er, wif e of t h e Right Honourable Thomas Lord Culpep er, B aron o f Thorswa y. .. said Margaret [being born] als o at T he Hagu e [in Holl and ]... said ladies being protes tants. ' The Dut ch genealog is t already cited describes h er fath er as 'lor d of Piersha l l and Wena, nobleman of t he hous e of the Pri nce of Orange , ' her mother as 'Catha rina va n Cats;' and s ays that her e ld er sister Charlott e (1629- 1716) m. 1655 T homas Killigre w th e poet, and af ter the R estoration becam e a Lady of th e Priv y Chambe r to Charle s II's queen. Mr . Wykeham-Marti n (Leed s Cast le, p. 171 ) had access to Lad y Culpeper's mar riage-se tt lement, whi ch unfortunately h e did not print fo r it ha s s ince bee n lost, and from it q uotes the descripti on o f her f athe r as 'Sieur jean de Hes se, Chevalier, en s o n vivant Sei g neur de Pierschil et Wen a, et judge des E au x et Foret s d e Holland et West Frize , Captaine de Cav aleri e au ser vice d e Monseigneurs les Et ats Generaux de s Provin ces Un ies.' I n the Leeds Castle fa mily bible Ge orge Willia m Fa irfax, wri ting long after Lad y Culpeper' s death, recor de d her as 'you ngest daughter an d heir o f the Seigneur je a n de Hesse, of t he noble famil y of He sse of Bergen nea r Co logne.' Burnaby t ranslates th is in to 'a princess o f the ho use of Hesse Casse l.' The fa mil y of Hesse mainta ined, in s everal branches , a minor so v ereignty on the ba nks of the R hine from the mi ddle ag e s to the time of Nap oleon; but i t is apparent fro m th e de scriptions quoted a bove that th e father of Margar e t Lad y Culpeper, while o f that breeding , was modestl y cadet , a nd not at all prin cely. To this jud gment shou ld be add e d Lady Culpeper's o wn testimony afte r her hus band's deat h ( Hist. MS. Comm. , House of Lords MS. , 1689 -90, p. 434 ) tha t she brough t him 'a very great fort un e with which h e purch ased a ve ry considerable estat e o f inheritance i n fee simpl e.
General Notes for Child Constantine I 'The Great' The Emperor Of Rome
Source: Medieval Genealogy Newsgroup <Freed Tideman n C r o e se <ftc@BART.NL> He was born February 27, 280 th e s o n o f H elena and Flavius Valerius Constantius.AD a t Nais su s (N is , Yugos.); in 306, proclaimed emperor i n Eboracu m ( York) ; i n 307 he married Fausta, daughter o f Maximian ; i n 312 h e in vaded Italy and defeated Maxent ius; in 32 4 h e defeate d Lici nius, and became sole emper or; in 33 0 he h ad the ded icatio n of Constantinople; o n May 22, 33 7 he di ed at Achyr ion nea r Nicomedia.
Constantine married Minervina and they were the par e n t s o f Crispus
He later married Fausta (the elder), and they were t h e p a r ents of:
Constantine II Constantius II Constans Constantina
The character of the prince who removed the seat of em p i r e , and introduced such important changes into the ci v i l a n d religious constitution of his country, has fix e d th e at te ntion, and divided the opinions, of mankind . T he Ch risti an s considered him the deliverer of the ch urc h and h e ha s bee n decorated with every attribute o f a he ro, eve n o f a saint ; while those opposing him hav e compa red hi m to t he most ab horred of those tyrants wh o dishon ored th e Imper ial purple . His stature was lofty , his cou ntenanc e majesti c, his depo rtment graceful; hi s strengt h and act ivity wer e displayed i n every manly e xercise an d from hi s youth t o an advanced ag e, he prese rved the vi gour of hi s constitu tion through a st rict ad herance to t he domesti c virtues o f chastity and temp era nce. He delig hted in th e social inte rcourse of famili a r conversation ; and thoug h he might some times indulg e his d ispositio n to railler y with less reserv e than wa s require d by th e severe digni ty of his station , the co urtesy and li bera lity of his man ners gained the he art s of all who approa c hed him. The sin cerity of his frie n dship has been suspect e d; yet he showe d, on some occas ions , that he was not in capa ble of a war m and lasting a ttachme nt. The disadvanta ge of a n illitera te educatio n had not pr evented him fro m formin g a just es timate o f the value of l earning; an d the arts an d science s deri ved some encouragem ent fro m the munificent p rotecti on o f Constantine. In th e despa tch of business his d ilige nc e was indefatable; an d the a ctive powers of his min d w e re almost continually ex ercis ed in reading, writing , o r m editating, in giving audi enc e to ambassadors, an d in exa m ining the complaints of h i s subjects. Even tho se who cens u red the propriety of hi s m easures were comp elled to ackn owl edge that he possess ed ma gnaminity to c onceive, and pa tienc e to execute th e most ar duous desig ns, without bein g checke d either b y the prejudi ces of e ducation or by th e clamous o f the m ultitude. In th e fie ld he infused his o wn intrepid s piri t into the troop s , whom he conducted wit h the talent s o f a consummate g ener al; and to his abiliti es, rathe r than t o his fortun e, we m ay ascribed the signa l victor ies which h e obtain ed over th e foreign and domest ic foe s of the republ ic . He loved glor y as the reward, pe rhap s as the motive , o f his labors. Th e boundless ambitio n w hich appears a s the r uling passion o f his soul, may b e j ustified by t he danger s of his own sit uation, by the c ha racter of hi s rivals, b y the consciousne ss of superio r m erit, and b y the prospec t that his succes s would enab l e him to res tore peace and or der to the distr acted empi re . In his c ivil wars against Max entius and Lici nius h e ha d engage d on his side the inclinat ions of the pe ople , wh o compa red the undissembled vices o f those tyrant s w ith t he sp irit of wisdom and justice whic h seemed to di r ect th e g eneral tenor of the administratio n of Constanti n e.---H i story of the Decline and Fall of th e Roman Empire
In 305, the emperors Diocletian and Maximian abdica t e d a n d were succeeded by Galerius and Constantius. Aft e r t he d ea th of his father in Eboracum, Constantine wa s i mmed iatel y p roclaimed emperor by the army. A serie s of c ivi l wars b etwe en him and Maxentius followed. Whe n Maxim ian , who ha d bee n helping his son, was rejecte d by tha t sam e son, h e joine d Constantine in Gaul. Maxi mian the n betra yed Const antine a nd died in 310. Constan tine the n defeate d his brot her-in-la w Maxentius at th e Milvian B ridge nea r Rome; conf irmed an a lliance wit h Licinius (Ga lerius ha d died in 311) . Liciniu s then we nt against Maxi minus bu t lost all he ha d won to Co nstan tine in 324; Con stantin e was then the sol e emperor.--- T he Age of Constan tine th e Great
Constantine ascribed his successes to the Christia n G o d . H e had a triumphal arch erected in his honor aft er t h e d efea t of Maxentius inscribed with the words: in spira ti on o f th e Divinity. Another statue, set up abou t tha t tim e, sh ows C onstantine himself, holding a cros s wit h the le gend : By thi s saving sign I have delivere d you r city fro m th e tyrant an d restored liberty to th e Senat e and the p eopl e of Rome. Sh ortly after the defe at of Ma xentius, Con stant ine met with L icinius at Medio lanum (Mi lan), from wh ich th e Edict of Mila n resulted . The Edic t extended toler ation t o the Christian s and r estored pro perty that had be en confi scated from them . C onstantine d onated to the Bish op in Rom e, Lateran, whe r e a cathedra l (Basilica Constant iniana) wa s built. I t was d uring thi s time that Constanti ne also beg an issu ing laws up on th e church and its clerg y regarding f isca l and legal pri vi leges as well as immuni ties from civ i l burdens. Constani n e's chief concern cente red aroun d seve ral schisms, whic h tr ied to divide the chu rch, an d in Cons tantine's mind , a divi ded church would of fen d the Christia n God and br ing vengean ce upon the empi r e and its emperor . Throughou t, Constanin e believed tha t t o remove error an d to propa gate the "tru e religion" , wer e both his persona l respons ibility and a ju st an d prope r use of his imperia l positi on. He was quite ac t ive in hi s support of his fait h: h e commissioned new cop ie s of th e Bible for the growin g c ongregations in Const antino ple ; he composed a special p r ayer for his troops ; he ha d a m obile tent-chapel; he iss u ed numerous law s on Christia n p ractice; abolished the p ena lty of cruci fixion; and gav e o bservance to Sunday an d Sain ts' days. ---Constantine th e G reat and the Christia n Church
Constantine wanted to be baptized in the Jordan riv e r , b u t circumstances and opportunity never allowed. H e b ec am e il l at Helenopolis and tried to return to Cons tant ino ple ; bu t only made it near Nicomedia. There he r emove d th e ro yal p urple and put on the white robes o f a neoph yte a nd wa s bapt ised. He died on May 22, 337 a nd was bur ied a t Const antinop le in his Church of the Ap ostles. Ha d Const antine f allen o n the banks of the Tibe r, or eve n in the p lains o f Hadriano ple, he might hav e transmitte d to poster ity a fa r better ch aracter. Bu t the conclusio n of his rei gn degrad ed him fro m the ran k which he had a cquired amon g the mos t deserving o f th e Roman princes. I n the life o f Augustu s we behold t h e tyrant of the repub lic converte d almost b y impercept ibl e degrees into the f ather of hi s country an d of huma n kind . In that of Const antine we ma y contemplat e a her o, who ha d so long inspir ed his subjec ts with lov e an d his enemies w ith terror, d egenerating in to a cruel a n d dissolute monarch , corrupte d by his fortun es, or rais e d by conquest above th e neces sity of dissimul ation. Th e ge neral peace which he ma inta ined during the l ast fou rteen y ears of his reign wa s a p eriod of apparen t splen dor rathe r than of real prosper it y; and the old ag o o f Constantin e was disgraced by the o p posite yet reconc i leable vices o f rapaciousness and pro diga lity. The accu m ulated treasure s found in the palace s of Max entius an d Li cinius were lavi shly consumed; th e various inn ovati ons in troduced by the c onqueror were a ttended with a n i ncreasin g expense; the cos t of his buil dings, his cour t , and hi s festivals require d an immediat e and plentifu l sup ply; a nd the oppression o f the peopl e was the onl y fund whi ch c ould support the mag nificenc e of the sove reign. His unw or thy favorites, enrich ed b y the boundles s liberality of t h eir master, usurped wi t h impunity th e privilege of rapin e a nd corruption. A sec r et but univ ersal decay was felt i n eve ry part of the pu bli c admini stration, and the empero r himse lf, though h e stil l reta ined the obedience, gradua lly los t the estee m, of hi s s ubjects. The dress and manne rs which , toward s the decl i ne of his life, he chose to af fect, serv ed on ly to deg rad e him in the eyes of mankind . The Asiani c po mp whic h had b een adopted by the pride o f Diocletian as s umed a n air of s oftness and effeminacy i n the person of C o nst antine. He i s represented with fals e hair of variou s co l ors, laborious ly arranged by the ski lful artists o f th e tim es; a diade m of a new and more exp ensive fashio n ; a profusi on of gem s and pearls, of collar s and brace l ets; and a vari egated f lowing robe of silk, m ost curio us ly embroidered wit h flowe rs of gold. A mind th us rela xe d by prosperity and in dulgen ce was incapable o f risin g t o that magnamity which di sdain s suspicion and d are s to f orgive. The deaths of Maximi an a nd Licinius ma y p erhap s be justified by maxims of polic y ; but an impart i al nar rative of the executions which sull i ed the declin i ng ag e of Constantine, suggests the ide a o f a prince w h o woul d sacrifice the laws of justice to t he d ictate s o f his p assions or interests.---History of th e Decl in e an d Fal l of the Roman Empire
"I shall still advance 'till HE, the invisible gui d e w h o m arches before me, thinks proper to stop"--- Con st anti ne
Prince Ferdinand Philippe D'orleans Duke Of Orleans and Princess Helene Of Mecklenburg-Schw
Husband Prince Ferdinand Philippe D'orleans Duke Of Orleans 1 6 14
Born: 3 Sep 1810 - Palermo, Sicily 1
Christened:
Died: 13 Jul 1842 - Sablonville 1
Buried:
Father: King Louis Philippe I D'orleans Of France (1773-1850) 1 6 11 14
Mother: Queen Marie Amelie De Bourbon Of France (1782-1866) 1 2 6 11 14
Marriage: 30 May 1837 1
Wife Princess Helene Of Mecklenburg-Schw 1
Born: 24 Jan 1814 - Ludwigslust, M-Schw, Grmn Chr Ludwigs, M-Schw 1
Christened: 30 Jan 1814 1
Died: 18 May 1858 1
Buried:
Father: Prince Frederick Louis Pf Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1778-1819) 1 6
Mother: Grand Duchess Elena Of Russia (1784-1803) 1 2 6
Children
1 M Prince Louis Phillippe D'orleans Count Of Paris 1 6 14
Born: 24 Aug 1838 - Palais DE Tuileries 1
Christened:
Died: 8 Sep 1894 - Bucks, England 1
Buried:
Spouse: Princess Isabella D'orleans Of Bourbon-Orleans (1848-1919) 1 6 14
Marr: 30 May 1864 1
2 M Robert Philippe Louis Duke Of Chartes 1 6 14
Born: 9 Nov 1840 - Palais DE Tuileries 1
Christened:
Died: 5 Dec 1910 - St Firmin 1
Buried:
Spouse: Francoise D' Orleans (1844-1925) 1
Marr: 1863 1
General Notes (Husband)
[royalty.ged]
NAME Ferdinand Philippe Prince Of FRANCE.
TITL Duke of Orleans.
General Notes (Wife)
[royalty.ged]
BIRT PLAC Ludwigslust, M-Schw, Grmn Chr Ludwigslust, M-Schw, Germany Name - Helen of Mecklenburg-Schwerin.
General Notes for Child Prince Louis Phillippe D'orleans Count Of Paris
[royalty.ged]
NAME Louis Philippe Prince Of Orleans.
Helene
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Wife Helene 6
Born: 1834
Christened:
Died: 1858
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Father: Maximilian Josef Duke Of Bavaria (1808-1888) 1 6
Mother: Ludovike (Louise) Wilhelmine Bavaria (1808-1892) 1 2 6 11
Heinrich IX Count Schwarzburg and Countess Helene Of Holstein
Husband Heinrich IX Count Schwarzburg 1
Born: Abt 1290 1
Christened:
Died: After 15 Jun 1356 1
Buried:
Marriage: 1321 1
Other Spouse: Burgravine Von Nurnberg Helene (Between 1300-After 1374) 1 - Abt 1342 1
Wife Countess Helene Of Holstein 1
Born: Abt 1303 - Of Pinneberg, Schleswig-Holste, Prussia 1
Christened:
Died: Jan 1340-1341 1
Buried:
Father: Adolf Count Holstein Pinneberg Schauenburg (1256-1315) 1
Mother: Princess Of Saxony Lauenburg Helene (Abt 1272-After 1332) 1
Children
1 M Gunther Xxii Count Schwarzburg 1
Born: Abt 1322 1
Christened:
Died: 4 Jul 1382 1
Buried:
Spouse: Princess Of Anhalt Gertrude (Abt 1340- ) 1
Spouse: Magdalene Von Reuss ( - ) 1
Marr: Abt 1365 1
2 F Countess Of Schwarzburg Helene 1
Born: Abt 1326 - Of, Schwarzburg, Schwarzburg-Rudo, Thuringia 1
Christened:
Died: After 1363 1
Buried:
Spouse: Otto IX Count Orlamunde ( - ) 1
Spouse: Gebhard Xiv Von Querfurt (Abt 1310-1383) 1
Spouse: Albrecht Count Mansfeld ( - ) 1
Marr: Bef 1358 1
3 M Gunther Xxvii Count Schwarzburg 1
Born: Abt 1328 1
Christened:
Died: 1397 1
Buried:
Spouse: Countess Of Falkenstein Anna ( - ) 1
4 F Countess Sofie Of Schwarzburg 1
Born: Abt 1332 1
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Died:
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Spouse: Burgrave Meinher Of Meissen (Abt 1334- ) 1
General Notes (Husband)
[royalty.ged]
NAME Heinrich IX Count Of /SCHWARZBURG/
General Notes (Wife)
[royalty.ged]
BIRT PLAC Of Pinneberg, Schleswig-Holstein, Prussia
General Notes for Child Gunther Xxii Count Schwarzburg
[royalty.ged]
NAME Gunther XXII Count Of /SCHWARZBURG/
General Notes for Child Countess Of Schwarzburg Helene
[royalty.ged]
BIRT PLAC Of, Schwarzburg, Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt, Thuringia
General Notes for Child Gunther Xxvii Count Schwarzburg
[royalty.ged]
NAME Gunther XXVII Count Of /SCHWARZBURG/
Helene
Husband
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Wife Helene 11
Born: 1834 11
Christened:
Died: 1858 11
Buried:
Father: Maximilian Joseph Duke Of Bavaria ( - ) 11
Mother: Ludovike (Louise) Wilhelmine Bavaria (1808-1892) 1 2 6 11
Leonard Leigh and Helene
Husband Leonard Leigh 1
Born: Abt 1612 1
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Died:
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Wife Helene 1
Born: Abt 1614 1
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Died:
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1 M Richard Leigh 1
Born: Abt 1638 1
Christened:
Died:
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Spouse: Jane (Abt 1640-Bef 1689) 1
Erich Count Of Hoya & Bruchhausen and Princess Helene Of Brunswick
Husband Erich Count Of Hoya & Bruchhausen 1
Born:
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Died:
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Marriage: 17 Apr 1390 1
Other Spouse: Anna Von Diepholz (Abt 1347-Bef 1390) 1 - Abt 1373 1
Wife Princess Helene Of Brunswick 1
Born: Abt 1374 - Of Wolfenbuttel, Braunschweig, Germany 1
Christened:
Died:
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Father: Duke Magnus II Torquatus Of Brunswick Wolfen (Abt 1328-1373) 1 6
Mother: Princess Katharine Of Anhalt Bernburg (Abt 1332-1389) 1 6
General Notes (Husband)
[royalty.ged]
NAME Erich I, Count Of /HOYA AND BRUCHHAUSEN/
Archduchess Helene Eleonore Of Austria
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Wife Archduchess Helene Eleonore Of Austria 1 2
Born: 3 Nov 1460 - , Wien, Wien, Austria 1 2
Christened:
Died: 28 Feb 1460-1461 1 2
Buried:
AFN: 8DJZ-CM
Father: Emperor Friedrich III Friedrich Of The Holy Roman Empire (1415-1493) 1 2 6 14
Mother: Princess Leonor Of Portugal (1434-1467) 1 2 6 14
Harold Oldenburg and Helene Of Schleswig- Holstein
Husband Harold Oldenburg 6 11 14
Born: 1876 11
Christened:
Died: 1949 11
Buried:
Father: King Frederick VIII Oldenburg Of Denmark (1843-1912) 1 2 6 11 14
Mother: Queen Louise Josephine Bernadotte Of Denmark (1851-1926) 1 6 11 14
Marriage: 1909 11
Wife Helene Of Schleswig- Holstein 6 11 14
Born: 1888 11
Christened:
Died: 1962 11
Buried:
Children
1 F Feodora 6 11 14
Born: 1910 11
Christened:
Died: 1975 11
Buried:
2 F Caroline Mathilde Mathilde (details suppressed for this person)
Born:
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Died:
Buried:
Spouse: Knud Oldenburg Her. Prince (1900-1976) 6 11 14
Marr: 1933 11
3 F Alexandrine Louise Louise 6 11 14
Born: 1914 11
Christened:
Died: 1962 11
Buried:
4 M Gorm (details suppressed for this person)
Born:
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5 M Oluf Of Rosenborg Count (details suppressed for this person)
Born:
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Helenus II
Husband Helenus II 5
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Father: Priam II ( - ) 5
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1 M Plesron II 5
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Helenus III
Husband Helenus III 5
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Father: Diluglio ( - ) 5
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1 M Plaserio 5
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Helenus IV
Husband Helenus IV 5
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Father: Priam IV ( - ) 5
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1 M Antenor I King Of The Commerians 5
Born:
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Died: - [Abt. 443-422 BC]
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General Notes for Child Antenor I King Of The Commerians
!DEATH:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
Helenus Of Troy King Of The Scythians
Husband Helenus Of Troy King Of The Scythians 5
Born:
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Father: King Priam Of Troy ( - ) 5 7
Mother: Hecuba ( - ) 5
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1 M Genger Of The Scythians 5
Born:
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