Thorir
Husband Thorir 1
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1 F Sigrid Of Eggja Thorirsdottir 1
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Spouse: Olvir Of Eggja ( - ) 1
Spouse: Kalf Of Eggja Arnisson ( - ) 1
2 M Thorir Hound Thorirsson 1
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3 M Sigurd Of Thrandness Thorirsson 1
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Spouse: Sigrid Skialgsdottir ( - ) 1
General Notes (Husband)
1 UPDA 2 PLAC Acceded: Birch Isle
Thorkel
Husband Thorkel 1
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1 F Sigrid Thorkelsdottir 1
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Spouse: Guthorm Of Rein Asolfsson ( - ) 1
Sheriff Thorold Of Lincoln
Husband Sheriff Thorold Of Lincoln 2 3
Born: Abt 0955 - Mercia, England 4
Christened: - Sheriff Of Lincoln
Died: After 0980 - Mercia, England
Buried:
AFN: FLHB-W8
Marriage: <0979> - <Mercia, England>
Noted events in his life were:
• Alt. Birth, Of, Mercia, England, Abt 0955
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1 F Lady Godiva (Godgifu) Godiva Of Coventry 2 3 5
AKA: Lady Godiva, Lady Godiva, Godiva Countess Of Mercia
Born: Abt 0980 - Mercia, England 5 6
Christened: - Countess Of Merica
Died: 10 Sep 1067 - Coventry, Mercia, England 6
Buried: - Of, Coventry, Warwickshire, England
AFN: 8XQ9-4D
Spouse: Earl Leofric III Of Mercia (0968-1057) 2 3 5
Marr: Abt 1030 5
General Notes for Child Lady Godiva (Godgifu) Godiva Of Coventry
[bobspu.ged]
Godiva, Lady (godì've), fl. c.1040-c.1080, wife of Leofric, earl of Mercia. According to legend, she rode naked through the town of Coventry to persuade her husband to lower the heavy taxes. The only person who looked at her as she rode became known as Peeping Tom.
The Concise Columbia Encyclopedia is licensed from Columbia University Press. Copyright c 1995 by Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
Thorold and Miss Malet
Husband Thorold 7
Born: Abt 1040 - Of, Spalding, Lincolnshire, England
Christened:
Died: - Y
Buried:
AFN: V9TZ-03
Marriage: Abt 1065 - Of, , Lincolnshire, England
Wife Miss Malet 2 7
Born: Abt 1044 - Of, Alkborough, Lincolnshire, England
Christened:
Died: - Y
Buried:
AFN: V9TZ-64
Father: William Malet (Abt 1014- ) 5 7
Mother:
Other Spouse: Ives De Anjou Taillebois (1036-1094) 2 3 - Abt 1056
General Notes (Wife)
This individual has the following other parents i n t h e A n cestral File: Alfgar // (AFN:9BFB-37) and Elfg if u / / (AFN :9 BFB-4D) Alfgar // (AFN:91VR-53) and Elfgif u / / (A FN:91VR -68 ) Alfgar Earl Of M // (AFN:8XQ8-8X) an d El fgif u Prince s s O // (AFN:8XQ8-94) Source: LDS Ances tra l File
Thrasamund King Of The Vandals In Af and Amfleda The Elder
Husband Thrasamund King Of The Vandals In Af 2
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Died: 0496 - Africa
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Wife Amfleda The Elder 2
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1 F Amfleda 2
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Spouse: Hilderic Of The Vandals King Of The Vandals ( -0530) 2
Thraud Of Sula Jarl Of Sula
Husband Thraud Of Sula Jarl Of Sula 2
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1 F Ingelburg Of Sula 2 5
Born: Abt 0935 8
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Spouse: Olaf (Edmundson ) Bjornsson (Abt 0933-Abt 0964) 1 2 5
Throud
Husband Throud 2
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1 M Eystein Of Throndheim Earl Of Throndheim 2
Born: - Trondheim, Norway
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Died: Abt 0710
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General Notes for Child Eystein Of Throndheim Earl Of Throndheim
!BIRTH:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
!DEATH:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
Thuringbert (Turinebertus) Of Wormgau
Husband Thuringbert (Turinebertus) Of Wormgau 2
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Died: After 1 Jun 0770 6
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Father: Rutpert I Of Wormgau Von Haspengau Count Of Wormgau (Abt 0689-Bef 0764) 2
Mother: Williswint Of Worsgau Heiress Of Wormsgau ( -Abt 0764) 2
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1 M Rutpert (Robert) Wormsgau II 2
Born: Bef 0770 6
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Died: 12 Jul 0807
Buried:
AFN: 1RGT-Q1H
Spouse: Theoderata Wormsgau (Abt 0770-After 0789) 2
Spouse: Isengarde ( - ) 2
General Notes (Husband)
!DEATH:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
General Notes for Child Rutpert (Robert) Wormsgau II
!BIRTH:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
!DEATH:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
Gorm Gammel and Thyra
Husband Gorm Gammel 2
Born: 0900
Christened:
Died: 0931
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Father: Harald Parcus (Between 0849-Between 0903) 2
Mother: Elgira (Elgiva) (Between 0856-Between 0903) 2
Marriage:
Noted events in his life were:
• TITL, King Of Denmark
Wife Thyra 2
Born: Between 0890 and 0912
Christened:
Died: Between 0933 and 0999
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Other Spouse: Pepin Perrone (Between 0881-Between 0922) 2 - Between 0922 and 0954
Children
1 M Harold Blaatand II 2
Born: 0930
Christened:
Died: Between 0985 and 1022
Buried:
General Notes (Husband)
!BIRTH:v2t2117.FTW, v2t2117.FTW
!DEATH:v2t2117.FTW, v2t2117.FTW
General Notes (Wife)
!BIRTH:v2t2117.FTW, v2t2117.FTW
!DEATH:v2t2117.FTW, v2t2117.FTW
General Notes for Child Harold Blaatand II
!BIRTH:v2t2117.FTW, v2t2117.FTW
!DEATH:v2t2117.FTW, v2t2117.FTW
Pepin Perrone and Thyra
Husband Pepin Perrone 2
Born: Between 0881 and 0911
Christened:
Died: Between 0922 and 0993
Buried:
Marriage: Between 0922 and 0954
Wife Thyra 2
Born: Between 0890 and 0912
Christened:
Died: Between 0933 and 0999
Buried:
Other Spouse: Gorm Gammel (0900-0931) 2
General Notes (Husband)
!BIRTH:v2t2117.FTW, v2t2117.FTW
!DEATH:v2t2117.FTW, v2t2117.FTW
General Notes (Wife)
!BIRTH:v2t2117.FTW, v2t2117.FTW
!DEATH:v2t2117.FTW, v2t2117.FTW
Tia and Tia Of Egypt
Husband Tia 2
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Noted events in his life were:
• Occupation, Royal Scribe
Wife Tia Of Egypt 2
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Buried: - Saqqara, Egypt
Father: Seti I Of Egypt Pharaoh Of Egypt ( - ) 2
Mother: Tuya Of Egypt ( - ) 2
General Notes (Wife)
Tia, who was a princess of the 19th Dynasty, was the s i s t e r of Ramesses II (c. 1290-1224 B.C.) and the daugh t e r o f Se ti I. Princess Tia married and official name d Ti a , wh o wa s a royal scribe. They were buried togethe r a t Sa qqara , i n a tomb near the mortuary complex of Ho remh ab. S ource : www .touregypt.netTia, who was a princes s o f the 19 th Dyn asty , was the sister of RamessesII (c . 129 0-1224 B. C. ) an d th e daughter of Seti I. Princes s Tia m arriedan d officia l name d Tia, who was a royal sc r ibe. T hey wer e buried tog ethera t Saqqara, in a tomb n ear the m ortuar y complex of Ho remhab . Source: www.toure gypt.net
!BURIAL:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
Emperor Tiberius Claudius Nero Germanicus (Claudius) Of Rome(41-54) and Aemilia Lepida
Husband Emperor Tiberius Claudius Nero Germanicus (Claudius) Of Rome(41-54) 2
Born: 1 Aug 0010 B.C. - Lugundum (Lyons), Gaul (France)
Christened:
Died: 13 Oct 3054
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Father: Nero Claudius Drusus General; Gov. Of Gaul ( - ) 2
Mother: Antonia 'The Younger' Augusta ( - ) 2
Marriage:
Other Spouse: Valeria Messalina ( - ) 2 - [Bef. 47 Ad]
Other Spouse: Julia Agrippina II 'The Younger' ( - ) 2 - [Abt. 49 Ad]
Other Spouse: Plautia Urgulanilla ( - ) 2
Other Spouse: Aelia Paetina ( - ) 2
Noted events in his life were:
• Photos, I15478
Wife Aemilia Lepida 2
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Father: Lucius Paullus ( - ) 2
Mother: Vipsania Julia ( - ) 2
Children
1 F Genuissa (Venessa) Claudia Of Rome 2
Born:
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Died: - [Abt. 50 Ad]
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Spouse: King Arviragus Of Siluria ( - ) 2
Marr: [Abt. 45 Ad]
General Notes (Husband)
Claudius I (10 BC-AD 54), Roman emperor (AD 41-54). C l a u d ius was born TIBERIUS CLAUDIUS DRUSUS NERO GERMANI C U S i n Lu gdunum (present-day Lyon, France). His father , N er o Cl audiu s Drusus, was a younger brother of Tiberi us C lau diu s Nero C aesar, later the Roman emperor Tiberi us. C laud iu s held no i mportant public office until th e age o f 47 , whe n he becam e consul during the reign o f his neph ew, E mpero r Caligula . When the latter was ass assinated i n AD 4 1, Cla udius was p roclaimed emperor b y the Praetori an Guar d, wh o found him hi ding in the pal ace. The firs t acts o f his re ign gave promis e of mild a nd just govern ment; bu t in 42, w hen a conspirac y agains t his life wa s uncovered , he went i nto semiretireme nt . His wife Messa lina becam e largely resp onsible for admi n istering the go vernment fo r a time. She p racticed crue ltie s and extorti ons withou t restraint. Asid e from th e excesse s perpetrat ed under th e influence of Mes salina , Claudius' s reign wa s that of a n able administrator , b oth in civil an d milit ary affairs . Mauretania (present - day northern Morocc o an d western Al geria) was made a R oma n province; the conqu e st of Britai n was begun; and t he Rom an armies fought succ e ssfully aga inst the Germans . Judea a nd Thrace also beca me R oman prov inces during h is rule. Cla udius expended en ormou s sums i n building, e specially in th e constructio n of the f amou s Claudian Aq ueduct. His admini stration wa s characteriz e d by a decli ne in the power of th e nobilit y and by the pr a ctice, la ter commonplace, of gran ting re sponsibility an d we alt h to the personal followers o f th e emperor, includ ing f o rmer slaves. In 48 Claudius ord er ed the execution o f M essal ina, who had indicated her co n tempt for him by pu b licly sta ging a mock marriage wit h he r lover. He then d e fied widespr ead disapproval by ma rryin g his niece, Agr ipp ina the Younge r, under whose inf luenc e he deprived h is so n by Messalina , Britannicus, o f his he ritage, adop ting in stead Agrippina' s son by a fo rmer marri age, Nero , later e mperor of Rome. Sh ortly ther eafter Claud ius wa s poisoned , presumably by Agrip pina. C laudius is dep ict ed by ancien t historians as being n egle cted, sickly, a n d ridiculed be fore coming to power; h i s character duri ng h is reign is d escribed as ignorant a nd m alicious. Mo dern sc holars, howe ver, tend to discoun t thei r testimon y and esti mate him a s shrewd and able. S ource: "C laudiu s I," Microso ft(R) Enc arta(R) 98 Encyclop edia. (c) 19 93 -1997 Microsof t Corporat ion. All rights re served. ------ - ------------- T IBERIUS C LAUDIUS CAESAR AU GUSTUS GERMAN ICUS , original nam e (unti l AD 41) TIBERIU S CLAUDIUS NER O GERMAN ICUS Roman em pero r (AD 41-54), wh o extended Rom an rule in N orth Afric a an d made Britai n a province.
Early life.
The son of Nero Claudius Drusus, a popular and succes s f u l R oman general, and the younger Antonia, he was th e n ep he w o f the emperor Tiberius and a grandson of Livi a Dr usi lla , th e wife of the emperor Augustus. Ill healt h, un attr acti ve ap pearance, clumsiness of manner, and c oarsen ess o f tas te di d not recommend him for a public l ife. Th e impe rial f amil y seems to have considered him s omethin g of a n embarra ssmen t, and he was long left to h is own p rivat e studies an d amus ements. It was the histo rian Liv y who r ecognized an d encour aged his inclinatio n for hist orical s tudies. Claud ius wrot e a pamphlet def ending th e republica n politician a nd orato r Cicero, wh o was execu ted by the t riumvirs; and , having di scovere d that it wa s difficult t o speak freel y on the civi l wa rs toward th e end of the Ro man Republic , he began a hi s tory of Rom e with the princip ate of August us. He compo sed 2 0 book s of Etruscan and 8 b ooks of Cartha ginian hi story, al l i n Greek; an autobiogra phy; and a hist orica l treatis e o n the Roman alphabet wit h suggestions fo r o rthographi cal re form--which as empero r he later trie d n ot very suc cessfull y to implement. He a lso wrote o n dice p laying, o f which h e was fond. All hi s works ar e lost, an d their i mportance ca nnot be measured . The Et ruscan histor y may h ave had origina l material: hi s firs t wife, Plauti a Urgul anilla, had Etrusc an blood, an d he r family was prob abl y able to put Claudiu s in touch w it h authentic Etrusc a n traditions. After divorc ing Urgul a nilla, he in turn m arr ied Aelia Paetina, Valeri a Messa lin a, who was his wif e a t his accession, and, finall y , Agrip pina the Younger . By h is first three wives he ha d f ive ch ildren, of who m Drusu s and Claudia died befor e he bec am e emperor. A s a young ma n Claudius was mad e a member o f v arious reli gious colleges , but he becam e consul only u nde r the reig n of his older b rother's so n Gaius (Caligula ) i n 37. The re was, however, l ittle co rdiality between th e two.
Emperor and colonizer
Power came to Claudius unexpectedly after Gaius' mu r d e r o n Jan. 24, 41, when he was discovered tremblin g i n t h e pala ce by a soldier. The Praetorian Guards, th e im peri a l househ old troops, made him emperor on Januar y 25 . By f am ily tradi tion and antiquarian inclinations , Clau dius wa s i n sympath y with the senatorial aristocr acy; bu t soldie rs a nd courtie rs were his real supporter s, whil e freedme n an d foreigner s had been his friends i n the da ys of negl ect . Initially, t he attitude of the S enate wa s at best am bigu ous. In 42 man y senators suppor ted the i ll-fated rebe llio n of the Governo r of Dalmatia . Even lat er, several at tempt s on Claudius' li fe involv ed senator s and knights. T houg h paying homage to t he di gnity of th e Senate (to whos e adm inistration he return e d the provin ces of Macedonia a nd Ach aea) and giving ne w op portunitie s to the knights, C laudiu s was ruthless a nd occas ionall y cruel in his dealin gs wit h individual m embers of bo t h orders. From the ver y beginni ng he empha sized his frien d ship with the army an d paid cas h for hi s proclamation a s em peror.
Claudius' decision to invade Britain (43) and his per s o n a l appearance at the climax of the expedition, the c ro ss i n g of the Thames and the capture of Camulodunum (C olc hes te r) , were prompted by his need of popularity an d glo ry . Bu t co ncern with the anti-Roman influence of t he Dru i d pries thood , which he tried to suppress in Gaul , an d a g eneral i nclina tion toward expanding the fronti ers w ere ot her reaso ns. Cla udius planted a colony of ve teran s at Cam ulodunum a nd estab lished client-kingdoms t o prot ect the f rontiers o f the prov ince; these were aft erwar d a source o f trouble , such as th e revolt in 47 o f Prasu tagus, client -king of t he Iceni, an d later the g eneral r evolt instigat ed by his w ife Boudicc a (also cal led Boadi cea). He also a nnexed Maure tania (41-42 ) in No rth Africa , of which he ma de two provin ces (Caesarie nsi s in the ea st and Tingitan a in the west) , Lycia in As i a Minor (43) , and Thrace (46) . Though he enl arged th e kingd om of Her od Agrippa I, he l ater made Judae a a pr ovince on A grippa 's death in 44. I n 49 he annexed It ure a (northeaster n Pa lestine) to the pr ovince of Syria . H e was careful no t t o involve the empir e in major war s wit h the Germans a nd th e Parthians. Claud ius supporte d Roma n control of Ar menia, b ut in 52 he pref erred th e collaps e of the pro-Ro man governm ent to a war w ith Pa rthia, leavi ng a difficul t situation t o his success or.
In the civil administration, many measures demonstrat e C l a u dius' enlightened policy. He improved in detail t he j ud ic ia l system, and, in his dealings with the provi nces , h e fa vou red a moderate extension of Roman citizen shi p by i ndivi dua l and collective grants: in Noricum , a dis trict s outh o f th e Danube comprising what is no w centra l Austri a and pa rts o f Bavaria, for instance, f ive commu nities be came Roma n muni cipalities. He encoura ged urbani zation an d planted s evera l colonies, for exam ple, at Cam ulodunum a nd at Coloni a Agri ppinensis (moder n Cologne) i n Germany i n 51. In hi s religio us policy Cl audius respec ted traditio n; he revive d old reli gious ce remonies, cele brated the fe stival of th e Secular Ga me s in 47 (three da ys and night s of games an d sacrifice co m memorating the 8 00th birthda y of Rome), mad e himsel f a cens or in 47, an d extended i n 49 the pomeriu m of Ro me (i.e., th e boundar y of the are a in which only Ro ma n gods could be wo rshipp ed and magist rates ruled with c i vil, not military, po wer s). He protect ed the haruspice s (d iviners) and probab l y Romanized the c ult of the Phr ygian d eity Attis. Accor din g to the biograp her Suetoniu s in Claud ius, during a p erio d of troubles Cl audius exp elled the Jew s from Rome f or a sh ort time; Chri stians m ay have been inv olved. Else where he c onfirmed exi stin g Jewish rights and p rivileges , and in Alex andria h e tr ied to protect the Jew s withou t provoking Egypt ian na ti onalism. In a surviving l ette r addressed to the ci t y o f Alexandria, he asked Jews a n d non-Jews "to stop t his d e structive and obstinate mutu a l enmity." Althoug h personal l y disinclined to accept di vin e honours, he d id not serio usl y oppose the current tr end a nd had a tem ple erected t o hims elf in Camulodunum . His pub lic work s include the re organiza tion of the gra in supply o f Rom e and constructio n of a ne w harbour at O stia, which w a s later improved b y the empero r Trajan.
Administrative innovations.
Claudius' general policy increased the control of the e m p e r or over the treasury and the provincial administrat i o n a n d apparently gave jurisdiction in fiscal matter s t o h is o w n governors in the senatorial provinces. H e crea te d a ki n d of cabinet of freedmen, on whom he bes towed h ono urs, t o s uperintend various branches of the a dministr atio n. An i mpre ssive series of documents, suc h as a spee ch fo r the ad missi on of Gauls to the Senat e recorded o n a part ly defect ive in scription at Lugdunu m (Lyon), th e edict fo r the Anau ni (a n Alpine populatio n who had usu rped the ri ghts of Rom an cit izenship and w hom Claudius c onfirmed i n these rights ), an d the aforem entioned lette r to the cit y of Alexandri a (ad 4 1), surv ive as evidenc e of his perso nal style of go vernment : pe dantic, uninhib ited, alternate ly humane and wr athful , a nd ultimately de spotic. The insc ription from Lugd unu m is a n interestin g comparison with t he version of t h e historia n Tacitus i n his Annals, whic h gives an acco un t of the sam e speech . The speech as reco rded in the i nscri ption, in spi te o f irrelevance, inconse quence, an d fondnes s for digressi o n (much of which is abs ent in t he version o f Tacitus), sh o ws that Claudius kne w what h e wanted and th at he apprec iate d the latent force s of R oman tradition.
His marriage with Messalina ended in 48, when she appar e n t l y conspired against him and, according to Tacitus , co nd uc te d a public marriage ceremony with her lover , Gaiu s Si liu s . Messalina and Silius were killed, and C laudiu s marr ie d hi s niece Agrippina, an act contrary t o Roma n law, wh ic h he t herefore changed. To satisfy Agr ippina' s lust fo r po wer, Cl audius had to adopt her so n Lucius D omitius Ah enoba rbus (la ter the emperor Nero) , to the dis advantage o f hi s own son B ritannicus. In ad dition, the n ew commande r of t he guards, A franius Burru s, was protect ed by Agripp ina. Ro man traditio n is unani mous in statin g that Claudiu s was po isoned by Agr ippin a on Oct. 13, A D 54, though th e detail s differ. A vers i on of poisonin g by mushrooms pre vailed. L ucius Annaeus S en eca, the pol itician and satiris t, who ha d been exile d by Cl audius a t his accession but h ad been re called a t Agrippina' s urg ing to educate Nero, d erided th e dea d emperor and hi s ap otheosis (duly decree d by the Sen at e) in the satire Apo c olocyntosis divi Claud ii ("The Pum p kinification of the Di v ine Claudius"; the ti tle and it s ex act meaning are bot h sub ject to dispute).
The picture of Claudius that appears in this work h a s m u c h in common with that of later Roman historians w h o gi v e de tails of the unpopular side of Claudius' admi ni strat io n. Th e Apocolocyntosis ridicules his physica l app earanc e a nd hi s speaking ability and casts aspersi ons o n his ab ilit ies a s a judge, depicting him as arbit rary-- of givin g lega l judg ments without a fair hearin g and o f summaril y orderi ng th e executions of relatives , senato rs, and kni ghts.
Tacitus, Suetonius, and the later historian Dio Cassi u s a t t ribute Claudius' mistakes to infirmity of charact e r an d t h e influence of his wives and freedmen. They ec h o th e host il ity of the upper classes against an emper o r who , in spit e o f his words, had been unfavourable t o t hem. T hat this t radi tion is one-sided is shown by th e su rvivin g document s of th e reign and the energy wit h whic h Claudi us carrie d out th e affairs of government . Source : www.eb. comClaudiu s I (10 B C-AD 54), Roman emp eror (A D 41-54). Cl audius wa s born TIBER IUS CLAUDIUS DR USUS NER O GERMANICU S in Lugdunu m(present-da y Lyon, Fra n ce). Hi s father, Ner o Claudius Dr usus, was ayo unger b rother o f Tiberius Claud ius Nero Caesa r , later th e Rom an empero rTiberius. Claudi us held no impo rtant publi c o ffice unti l the age o f 47,w hen he became co nsul duri n g the reig n of his nephew, Empe ror Caligula.Whe n the l atte r w as a ssassinated in AD 41 , Claudius was proc laim edempero r b y the Praetorian Guard , who found h im hidi n g in the pa l ace. Thefirst acts of h is reign gave promi s e of mild an d ju st government ; but i n42, when a consp irac y agains t his lif e was uncovered, h e went intosemir etireme nt. H i s wife Mess alina became lar gely responsib le foradmi nis tering the gover nment for a ti me. She p ra cticed cruelt i es andextortions wi thout restra int. Asid e from the exces s es perpetrated unde r the influe nce o f Messalina, Claudi us' s reign was that o f an ableadm ini strator, both in civ i l a nd military affairs . Mauretan i a(present-day norther n Moroc co and western Alger ia) w a s mad e a Romanprovince ; the con quest of Britain wa s b egu n; and the Roman armie s foughtsuc cessfull y agains t t he G ermans. Judea and Thr ace also beca me Romanprovin ces dur in g his rule. Claudi u s expended enor mous sums i n building , especially in th e construction of th e famou s Claudian A q ue duct. Hisadmi nistration was charact eriz ed by a declin e in t he power o f thenobility and b y t h e practice, late r commonp lace, o f grantingresponsi bility a nd wealth to th e persona l foll ower s of the emp eror,includ ing former sla ves. In 4 8 Cla udius ordered th e execution o f Messalina, w ho had indi ca ted hercontemp t for him by p ub licly stagin g a mock marr i age with he r lover. Hethen defie d widesprea d disapprova l b y marr y ing his niece, Agrippin a theYounge r, under wh ose in fl uence he deprived his son b y Messalina ,B ritanni cus, o f h is heritage, adopting instea d Agrippin a's son b y afo rmer ma rriage, Nero, late r empero r of Rome . Shortl y th ereafter Cl audiuswas poisoned, presum ably b y Agrippi na . Claudiu s is d epicted by ancienthistori ans a s bein g n eglected, sickly, an d ridiculed before comin g t o powe r ; his character during hi s reign is described a s i gnor a nt andmalicious. Modern schol ars , however, ten d t o di sc ount their testimony andestimat e him as shrewd a nd a b le . Source: "Claudius I, " Microsoft(R ) Encarta(R) 9 8 En cy c lopedia. (c)1993-1997 Microsoft Corpor a tion. Al l ri gh t s reserved. -------------------- TIBERIU S CLAUDIU S C AES A R AUGUSTUS GERMANICUS, original name (unti l AD 41) T IBER IU S CLAUDIUS NE RO GERMANICUS Roman emperor (A D 41- 5 4) , wh o extendedRoman rule in North Africa and made B r i t a in a p rovince.
Early life.
The son of Nero Claudius Drusus, a popular and succes s f u l R oman general,and the younger Anton ia, he was th e n ep he w o f the emperor Tiberius and agrandson of Livi a Dru sil la , th e wife of th e emperor Augustus. Ill heal th,una ttra cti ve ap pearance, clumsiness of manner, and c oarsene s s o f ta stedi d not recommend him for a public l ife. Th e imper ial f amil y seems tohave considere d him s omethin g of an e mbarra ssmen t, and he was long leftto hi s own pr ivate stud ies an d amus e ments. It was the histo rian Liv y whorecogni zed an d encour aged his inclinatio n for histo rica l studie s.Claud ius wrot e a pamphlet def ending the r epublican poli tician a nd orator Cicero, w h o was execute d by the triumvi rs; and , having dis cover ed that itwas di fficult to spea k free l y on the civi l w ars toward the en d of theRoman Re public , he began a his t ory of Rome wit h th e principate o fAugust us. He compos ed 2 0 books of Et ruscan and 8 books o f Cartha ginianhist ory , al l in Greek ; an autobiography; a nd a hist orica l treatise o n theRoma n alphabet with sugges t ions fo r o rthographical re form-- which asemperor he late r tried n o t very successfull y t o imple ment. He also wrot eon dic e pl aying, of whic h h e was fond. All his works ar e lost , and t heirim porta nce ca nnot be measured. The Etru sca n history m ay have ha d origina lmaterial: his first w i f e, Plautia Urg ulanilla , had Etrusc an blood, andher fam i ly was probably a ble t o put Claudi u s in touch with aut h enticEtruscan tradi tio ns. After divor cing Urgulanilla , h e in turn married Ael i a Paetina, Valeri a Messalina , who w as his wife at his ac c ession, and, finally , Agri ppina t h e Younger. By his fi rs t three wives he had f iv echildren , of whom Drusus an d Clau dia died bef ore he be c ame emper or. As ayoung ma n Claudiu s was made a membe r of va rious r eligious colleg es , buth e became consul o nly under t he re ign of his old er brother' s son Gaius(Ca ligula) in 3 7 . Th ere was, howe ver, little c ordiality b etween the two.
Emperor and colonizer
Power came to Claudius unexpectedly after Gaius' mu r d e r o n Jan. 24, 41,when he was discovere d tremblin g i n t h e pala ce by a soldier. ThePraetorian Guards, th e imp eri a l househo ld troops , made him emperor onJanuar y 25 . By f am ily tradit ion and antiquarian inclinations , Clau diusw a s i n sympath y with the senatorial aristocr acy; bu t sold iers a ndcourtier s were his real suppor ter s, whil e freedm en an d foreigner s hadbeen his friends i n the day s of negl ect. I nitially, t h e attitude of theS enate wa s at best am biguous . In 42 man y senators suppor ted the i ll-fatedreb e llion o f the Governo r of Dalmatia . Even lat er, several at tempts o nClaudius' lif e involve d se nator s and knights. T hough pay ing homage to t hedig nity of th e Senate (to whos e administr atio n he return e d the provi ncesof Macedonia a nd Achaea) a nd giving new o pp ortunitie s to the knigh ts , Claudius wa s ruthless an d occasi onall y cruel in his dea lings withindi vidual mem bers of b o t h orders. From the ve ry beginning h e emphas izedhis fr iend ship with the army an d paid cash f o r hi s proclamati on asem peror.
Claudius' decision to invade Britain (43) and his per s o n a l appearance atthe climax of the exp edition, the c ro ss i n g of the Thames and the captureof Camulodunum (Co lch est er ) , were prompte d by his need of popularity and glor y. B u t co ncern with the anti-Roman influence of th e Dru i d pr ie sthoo d,which he tried to suppress in Gaul , an d a genera l i nclina tion towardexpanding th e fronti ers w ere other r easo ns. Cla udius planted a colony ofvet eran s at Camulodun um an d esta b lished client-kingdoms t o pro tect thefrontie rs o f the pro vince; these were afte rwar d a sourc e of tro uble , suchas th e revolt in 47 o f Prasu tagus, client-kin g of th e Iceni, an d laterth e g eneral r evolt instigated b y his wi fe Boudicc a (als o calledBoadic ea). He also annexe d Maureta n ia (41-4 2 ) in North Africa , of whichhe made tw o province s (Caes arien sis in the eas t and Tingi tana in t hewest), Ly ci a in Asia M inor (43) , and Thrace (46). Thoug h he enlarg e d thekingdo m o f Her od Agrippa I, he later ma de Judae a a p rovince on A grippa 'sdeath in 44. In 49 he an nex e d Iture a (northeaster n Pa lestine) to theprovince o f S yria. He wa s careful no t t o involve th e empire in maj o r warswith th e Germans a nd th e Parthians. Claudius supp o rted Roman cont rol of Ar menia, b ut in 52 he preferre d th e collapse of th e pro-Ro man governm entto a war wit h Parth ia , leaving a di fficul t situation t o his succes sor.
In the civil administration, many measures demonstrat e C l a u dius'enlightened policy. He improv ed in detail t he j ud ic ia l system, and, inhis dealings with the provin ces , h e fav our ed a moder ate extension ofRoman citizens hi p by i ndivid ua l and collective grants: in Noricum, ad ist ric t s outh o f th e Danube comprising what is now cen tra l Austri a andpar ts o f Bavaria, for instanc e, five c ommu nities be came Roma nmuni cipalities. He encouraged ur baniz ation an d planted se ver a l colonies,for example, a t Camu lodunum a nd at Coloni a Agr ippinensis (modern Colo gne)i n German y i n 51. In hi s religi ous policy Claudiu s respe cted traditio n;he revive d old reli gious ceremo n ies, cel ebrated the fe stival of th eSecular Ga mes in 4 7 (three da ys and nights o f games an d s acrificecom memo rating the 8 00th birthday o f Rome), mad e himself a cen s or in 47,an d extended i n 4 9 the pomeriu m of Rome (i.e ., th e bounda ry of the areai n which only Rom an gods cou ld be w o rship ped and magistra tes ruled withciv il, no t military, p ower s). He protecte d the haruspice s (d ivi ners) andprobab l y Romanized the cu lt of the Phrygian d e ity Attis. Accor din g to thebiog raph er Suetonius in Cl audi us, during a p erio d of troubles Cla udiusexpelled th e Jew s from Rom e f or a sh ort time; Chris tians may hav e beeninv olved. Elsew here he co nfirmed exist ing Jewi s h rights an d privileges ,and in Alexa ndria he tr ied t o protect the Jew s withou t provoking Egyp t iannation ali sm. In a surviving l ette r addressed to the cit y of Ale x andria,he asked Jew s a n d non-Jews "to stop this d estru c tive and obstinat e mutua lenmity." Although personal l y dis incl ined to acc ept divin e honours, he didnot ser iousl y o ppose the curre nt trend an d had a templ e erect ed tohims e lf in Camulodu num. His publ ic works include t he reorganiz a tion ofthe g rain s upply o f Rome and const ruction of a n e w harbour a t Ostia,which wa s later impro ved by the emp e ro r Trajan.
Administrative innovations.
Claudius' general policy increased the control of the e m p e r or over thetreasury and the provin cial administrat i o n a n d apparently gavejurisdiction in fiscal matter s t o hi s o w n governors i n the senatorialprovinces. H e crea te d a ki n d of cabinet of freedmen, on whom he bes towedho no u rs, t o s uperintend various branches of the a dministr ati on. Anim pres sive series of documents , suc h as a spee ch f or the ad missi on ofGauls to the Senate r ecorded o n a part ly defecti ve in s cription atLugdunum ( Lyon), th e edict fo r the Anaun i (a n Alpine population w ho hadusur ped th e ri ghts of Roma n cit izenship and who m Claudius c onfirmed int hese rights) , and t he aforement i oned lette r to the cit y of Alexandria (ad 41) , surviv e as evidenc e of his person al style of go v ernment: peda ntic, uninhib ited, alternatel y humane and wrat hful, a n d ultimatelydes potic. Th e inscr iption from Lugdun um i s a n interestin g comparison withth e version of the his t orian T ac itus i n his Annals, whic h gives anaccount of t h e same sp eech . The speech as recor ded in the i nscript ion , inspit e o f irrelevance, inconseq uence, and fondnes s fo r digres sion ( much ofwhic h is abse nt in the versio n of Ta citus) , shows t hat Claudius knew w hathe wanted a nd that h e a p preciated th e latent forces o f Roman trad ition.
His marriage with Messalina ended in 48, when she appar e n t l y conspiredagainst him and, accord ing to Tacitus , co nd uc te d a public marriageceremony with her lover, G aiu s Sil ius . M essalina a nd Silius were killed,and Clau diu s marri ed h is n iece Agrippina, an act contrary to Ro ma n law, whi ch h e ther efore changed. To satisfy Agrippi na' s lust fo r power ,Claudi us had to adopt her s on Luci us D omitius Ah enobarbu s (late r theemperor Nero), to th e disa dvantage o f his ow n son Br i tannicus. Inaddition , the ne w commande r of the g uards, Afra nius Burrus, wa s protecte dby Agri pp ina. Roma n tradition i s unanimou s in statin g that Claudiu s waspoiso ned by Agrippi na o n Oct . 13, A D 54, though th e details di ffer. Aversi o n of poisoning b y mushrooms prev ailed. Luci u s Annaeu s Sene ca, thepoliti cian and satirist , who had be en exil ed by Clau dius at hi s accessio nbut ha d been recall ed a t Agrippina' s urgin g to educate Nero, de rided thedea d e mperor and h i s apot heosis (duly decreed b y the Senat e ) in thesatire Ap ocolo cyntosis divi Claudii ( "The Pu m pkin ification of the D iv ineClaudius"; the titl e and i ts exac t meaning are both s u bject to dis pute).
The picture of Claudius that appears in this work h a s m u c h in common withthat of later Roma n historians w h o gi v e de tails of the unpopular side ofClaudius' admin is trati on . Th e Apocolocy ntosis ridicules his physicala ppe aranc e an d hi s speaking ability and casts aspersion s o n hi s a bilit iesa s a judge, depicting him as arbitra ry-- of givin g lega l judg ments withouta fair he aring an d o f summaril y orderi ng th e executions of relatives,sen ator s, and knig hts.
Tacitus, Suetonius, and the later historian Dio Cassi u s a t t ributeClaudius' mistakes to infirm ity of charact e r an d t h e influence of hiswives and freedmen. They ec h o the h osti li ty of the u pper classes againstan emper o r who, i n spit e o f his words, had been unfavourable t o t hem.Th a t this t radi tion is one-sided is shown by th e su rvivin g document s ofth e reign and the energ y wit h whic h Claudi us carrie d out th e affairs ofgovernment . Source : www.eb.c om
!BIRTH:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
!DEATH:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
General Notes for Child Genuissa (Venessa) Claudia Of Rome
The probable source of this link suggesting that t h e w i f e of Aviragus of the Britons is the daughter of E mp ero r C la udius is Geoffrey of Monmouth.As a historian , h e ha s pro ve d to be an unr eliable source which casts doub t o n his re put ation as a genealogist.
It is possible that Genuissa (Venessa) was an illegit i m a t e daughter theEmperor Claudius. Clau dius was, hims e l f , i n Britain at the capture ofColchester. It is mor e p ro ba bl e that Geoffre y of Monmouth's account ofthe t radi tio n w a s 'improved', that is, the tradition that Av iragu sm a rri e d a 'relative' of Claudius became a 'daugh ter' o f Cla udiu s.
If Roman naming conventions were followed, then Vene s s a m a y have been thedaughter of Marcus V inicius and J ul i a Liv il la, making her a grand-nieceof Claudius.
We will probably never know for sure.
The probable source of this link suggesting that th e w i f e o f Aviragus of the Britons is the daughter of Em per o r Cl audi us is Geoffrey of Monmouth. As a historian , h e ha s pro ved t o be an unreliable source which cast s doub t o n his re putati on as a genealogist.
It is possible that Genuissa (Venessa) was an illegit i m a t e daughter the Emperor Claudius. Claudius was, hims e l f , i n Britain at the capture of Colchester. It is mo r e pr ob abl e that Geoffrey of Monmouth's account of th e tr aditi o n wa s 'improved', that is, the tradition tha t Avir agus m ar rie d a 'relative' of Claudius became a 'd aughter ' of Cl aud ius.
If Roman naming conventions were followed, then Vene s s a m a y have been the daughter of Marcus Vinicius and J ul i a Liv il la, making her a grand-niece of Claudius.
To the best of my knowledge, everything that can be k n o w n a bout Genuissa (aka Venissa or Venus Julia) is t o b e f ou nd i n Geoffrey of Monmouth, the 12th century Br itis h ch ron icle r who wrote the Historia regum Brittania e.
Below, I reproduce the transcription of a passage wh i c h , i n 1929, Acton Griscom made from the Latin of a 12 t h c en tur y manuscript of the Historia. The orthograph y o f th e La ti n is consistent with what Griscom found i n th e manu scrip t . I also give Lewis Thorpe's modern Eng lis h transla tio n o f this passage and, furthermore, I gi ve R obert Elli s Jo nes' s translation of the Welsh abridg emen t of the Lat in te xt, t aken from a manuscript copie d in t he 15th centu ry.
Neither Tacitus, Suetonius, nor Dio Cassius, the Roma n h i s t orians, have anything at all to say about Genuiss a. B u t G ri scom, in his lengthy introduction to the Hist oria , i s mu c h concerned to defend Geoffey's credibility . And , i f Geof fr ey, who relied upon sources to which w e may n ot n ow hav e ac cess, can be believed, then ground s may ex ist f or sayi ng th at Genuissa was the daughter o f Claudiu s an d the spou se o f Arviragus. Thorpe agrees w ith Grisco m tha t, on the w hole , Geoffrey is likely to b e somethin g bette r than a fab ulist.
The historicity of Arviragus himself has some suppo r t f r o m this passage from Juvenal, the 2nd century (AD ) R oma n s at irist (Satire 4.124-128):
. . . "ingens omen habes," inquit, "magni clarique triu m p h i ; regem aliquem capies, aut de temone Britanno exci d e t Ar vi ragus. Peregrina est belua, cernis erectas in t er ga s sud es? " (Veiento addresses the Emperor: . . . " A mig ht y presa ge h ast thou," he says, "of a great and g loriou s v ictory . Som e king will be thy captive; or Arvi ragus w il l be hurl ed fro m his British chariot. The brut e is for eig n-born: do st tho u not see the prickles brist ling upo n hi s back?")
!DEATH:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
Emperor Tiberius Claudius Nero Germanicus (Claudius) Of Rome(41-54) and Valeria Messalina
Husband Emperor Tiberius Claudius Nero Germanicus (Claudius) Of Rome(41-54) 2
Born: 1 Aug 0010 B.C. - Lugundum (Lyons), Gaul (France)
Christened:
Died: 13 Oct 3054
Buried:
Father: Nero Claudius Drusus General; Gov. Of Gaul ( - ) 2
Mother: Antonia 'The Younger' Augusta ( - ) 2
Marriage: - [Bef. 47 Ad]
Other Spouse: Aemilia Lepida ( - ) 2
Other Spouse: Julia Agrippina II 'The Younger' ( - ) 2 - [Abt. 49 Ad]
Other Spouse: Plautia Urgulanilla ( - ) 2
Other Spouse: Aelia Paetina ( - ) 2
Noted events in his life were:
• Photos, I15478
Wife Valeria Messalina 2
Born:
Christened:
Died: - [Abt. 48 Ad]
Buried:
Children
1 M Tiberius Claudius Britannicus 2
Born: - [Abt. 30 Ad]
Christened:
Died: - [13 Oct 54 Ad]
Buried:
2 F Octavia II (details suppressed for this person)
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Spouse: Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Emperor Of Rome(54-68) ( - ) 2
Marr: [Abt. 53 Ad]
General Notes (Husband)
Claudius I (10 BC-AD 54), Roman emperor (AD 41-54). C l a u d ius was born TIBERIUS CLAUDIUS DRUSUS NERO GERMANI C U S i n Lu gdunum (present-day Lyon, France). His father , N er o Cl audiu s Drusus, was a younger brother of Tiberi us C lau diu s Nero C aesar, later the Roman emperor Tiberi us. C laud iu s held no i mportant public office until th e age o f 47 , whe n he becam e consul during the reign o f his neph ew, E mpero r Caligula . When the latter was ass assinated i n AD 4 1, Cla udius was p roclaimed emperor b y the Praetori an Guar d, wh o found him hi ding in the pal ace. The firs t acts o f his re ign gave promis e of mild a nd just govern ment; bu t in 42, w hen a conspirac y agains t his life wa s uncovered , he went i nto semiretireme nt . His wife Messa lina becam e largely resp onsible for admi n istering the go vernment fo r a time. She p racticed crue ltie s and extorti ons withou t restraint. Asid e from th e excesse s perpetrat ed under th e influence of Mes salina , Claudius' s reign wa s that of a n able administrator , b oth in civil an d milit ary affairs . Mauretania (present - day northern Morocc o an d western Al geria) was made a R oma n province; the conqu e st of Britai n was begun; and t he Rom an armies fought succ e ssfully aga inst the Germans . Judea a nd Thrace also beca me R oman prov inces during h is rule. Cla udius expended en ormou s sums i n building, e specially in th e constructio n of the f amou s Claudian Aq ueduct. His admini stration wa s characteriz e d by a decli ne in the power of th e nobilit y and by the pr a ctice, la ter commonplace, of gran ting re sponsibility an d we alt h to the personal followers o f th e emperor, includ ing f o rmer slaves. In 48 Claudius ord er ed the execution o f M essal ina, who had indicated her co n tempt for him by pu b licly sta ging a mock marriage wit h he r lover. He then d e fied widespr ead disapproval by ma rryin g his niece, Agr ipp ina the Younge r, under whose inf luenc e he deprived h is so n by Messalina , Britannicus, o f his he ritage, adop ting in stead Agrippina' s son by a fo rmer marri age, Nero , later e mperor of Rome. Sh ortly ther eafter Claud ius wa s poisoned , presumably by Agrip pina. C laudius is dep ict ed by ancien t historians as being n egle cted, sickly, a n d ridiculed be fore coming to power; h i s character duri ng h is reign is d escribed as ignorant a nd m alicious. Mo dern sc holars, howe ver, tend to discoun t thei r testimon y and esti mate him a s shrewd and able. S ource: "C laudiu s I," Microso ft(R) Enc arta(R) 98 Encyclop edia. (c) 19 93 -1997 Microsof t Corporat ion. All rights re served. ------ - ------------- T IBERIUS C LAUDIUS CAESAR AU GUSTUS GERMAN ICUS , original nam e (unti l AD 41) TIBERIU S CLAUDIUS NER O GERMAN ICUS Roman em pero r (AD 41-54), wh o extended Rom an rule in N orth Afric a an d made Britai n a province.
Early life.
The son of Nero Claudius Drusus, a popular and succes s f u l R oman general, and the younger Antonia, he was th e n ep he w o f the emperor Tiberius and a grandson of Livi a Dr usi lla , th e wife of the emperor Augustus. Ill healt h, un attr acti ve ap pearance, clumsiness of manner, and c oarsen ess o f tas te di d not recommend him for a public l ife. Th e impe rial f amil y seems to have considered him s omethin g of a n embarra ssmen t, and he was long left to h is own p rivat e studies an d amus ements. It was the histo rian Liv y who r ecognized an d encour aged his inclinatio n for hist orical s tudies. Claud ius wrot e a pamphlet def ending th e republica n politician a nd orato r Cicero, wh o was execu ted by the t riumvirs; and , having di scovere d that it wa s difficult t o speak freel y on the civi l wa rs toward th e end of the Ro man Republic , he began a hi s tory of Rom e with the princip ate of August us. He compo sed 2 0 book s of Etruscan and 8 b ooks of Cartha ginian hi story, al l i n Greek; an autobiogra phy; and a hist orica l treatis e o n the Roman alphabet wit h suggestions fo r o rthographi cal re form--which as empero r he later trie d n ot very suc cessfull y to implement. He a lso wrote o n dice p laying, o f which h e was fond. All hi s works ar e lost, an d their i mportance ca nnot be measured . The Et ruscan histor y may h ave had origina l material: hi s firs t wife, Plauti a Urgul anilla, had Etrusc an blood, an d he r family was prob abl y able to put Claudiu s in touch w it h authentic Etrusc a n traditions. After divorc ing Urgul a nilla, he in turn m arr ied Aelia Paetina, Valeri a Messa lin a, who was his wif e a t his accession, and, finall y , Agrip pina the Younger . By h is first three wives he ha d f ive ch ildren, of who m Drusu s and Claudia died befor e he bec am e emperor. A s a young ma n Claudius was mad e a member o f v arious reli gious colleges , but he becam e consul only u nde r the reig n of his older b rother's so n Gaius (Caligula ) i n 37. The re was, however, l ittle co rdiality between th e two.
Emperor and colonizer
Power came to Claudius unexpectedly after Gaius' mu r d e r o n Jan. 24, 41, when he was discovered tremblin g i n t h e pala ce by a soldier. The Praetorian Guards, th e im peri a l househ old troops, made him emperor on Januar y 25 . By f am ily tradi tion and antiquarian inclinations , Clau dius wa s i n sympath y with the senatorial aristocr acy; bu t soldie rs a nd courtie rs were his real supporter s, whil e freedme n an d foreigner s had been his friends i n the da ys of negl ect . Initially, t he attitude of the S enate wa s at best am bigu ous. In 42 man y senators suppor ted the i ll-fated rebe llio n of the Governo r of Dalmatia . Even lat er, several at tempt s on Claudius' li fe involv ed senator s and knights. T houg h paying homage to t he di gnity of th e Senate (to whos e adm inistration he return e d the provin ces of Macedonia a nd Ach aea) and giving ne w op portunitie s to the knights, C laudiu s was ruthless a nd occas ionall y cruel in his dealin gs wit h individual m embers of bo t h orders. From the ver y beginni ng he empha sized his frien d ship with the army an d paid cas h for hi s proclamation a s em peror.
Claudius' decision to invade Britain (43) and his per s o n a l appearance at the climax of the expedition, the c ro ss i n g of the Thames and the capture of Camulodunum (C olc hes te r) , were prompted by his need of popularity an d glo ry . Bu t co ncern with the anti-Roman influence of t he Dru i d pries thood , which he tried to suppress in Gaul , an d a g eneral i nclina tion toward expanding the fronti ers w ere ot her reaso ns. Cla udius planted a colony of ve teran s at Cam ulodunum a nd estab lished client-kingdoms t o prot ect the f rontiers o f the prov ince; these were aft erwar d a source o f trouble , such as th e revolt in 47 o f Prasu tagus, client -king of t he Iceni, an d later the g eneral r evolt instigat ed by his w ife Boudicc a (also cal led Boadi cea). He also a nnexed Maure tania (41-42 ) in No rth Africa , of which he ma de two provin ces (Caesarie nsi s in the ea st and Tingitan a in the west) , Lycia in As i a Minor (43) , and Thrace (46) . Though he enl arged th e kingd om of Her od Agrippa I, he l ater made Judae a a pr ovince on A grippa 's death in 44. I n 49 he annexed It ure a (northeaster n Pa lestine) to the pr ovince of Syria . H e was careful no t t o involve the empir e in major war s wit h the Germans a nd th e Parthians. Claud ius supporte d Roma n control of Ar menia, b ut in 52 he pref erred th e collaps e of the pro-Ro man governm ent to a war w ith Pa rthia, leavi ng a difficul t situation t o his success or.
In the civil administration, many measures demonstrat e C l a u dius' enlightened policy. He improved in detail t he j ud ic ia l system, and, in his dealings with the provi nces , h e fa vou red a moderate extension of Roman citizen shi p by i ndivi dua l and collective grants: in Noricum , a dis trict s outh o f th e Danube comprising what is no w centra l Austri a and pa rts o f Bavaria, for instance, f ive commu nities be came Roma n muni cipalities. He encoura ged urbani zation an d planted s evera l colonies, for exam ple, at Cam ulodunum a nd at Coloni a Agri ppinensis (moder n Cologne) i n Germany i n 51. In hi s religio us policy Cl audius respec ted traditio n; he revive d old reli gious ce remonies, cele brated the fe stival of th e Secular Ga me s in 47 (three da ys and night s of games an d sacrifice co m memorating the 8 00th birthda y of Rome), mad e himsel f a cens or in 47, an d extended i n 49 the pomeriu m of Ro me (i.e., th e boundar y of the are a in which only Ro ma n gods could be wo rshipp ed and magist rates ruled with c i vil, not military, po wer s). He protect ed the haruspice s (d iviners) and probab l y Romanized the c ult of the Phr ygian d eity Attis. Accor din g to the biograp her Suetoniu s in Claud ius, during a p erio d of troubles Cl audius exp elled the Jew s from Rome f or a sh ort time; Chri stians m ay have been inv olved. Else where he c onfirmed exi stin g Jewish rights and p rivileges , and in Alex andria h e tr ied to protect the Jew s withou t provoking Egypt ian na ti onalism. In a surviving l ette r addressed to the ci t y o f Alexandria, he asked Jews a n d non-Jews "to stop t his d e structive and obstinate mutu a l enmity." Althoug h personal l y disinclined to accept di vin e honours, he d id not serio usl y oppose the current tr end a nd had a tem ple erected t o hims elf in Camulodunum . His pub lic work s include the re organiza tion of the gra in supply o f Rom e and constructio n of a ne w harbour at O stia, which w a s later improved b y the empero r Trajan.
Administrative innovations.
Claudius' general policy increased the control of the e m p e r or over the treasury and the provincial administrat i o n a n d apparently gave jurisdiction in fiscal matter s t o h is o w n governors in the senatorial provinces. H e crea te d a ki n d of cabinet of freedmen, on whom he bes towed h ono urs, t o s uperintend various branches of the a dministr atio n. An i mpre ssive series of documents, suc h as a spee ch fo r the ad missi on of Gauls to the Senat e recorded o n a part ly defect ive in scription at Lugdunu m (Lyon), th e edict fo r the Anau ni (a n Alpine populatio n who had usu rped the ri ghts of Rom an cit izenship and w hom Claudius c onfirmed i n these rights ), an d the aforem entioned lette r to the cit y of Alexandri a (ad 4 1), surv ive as evidenc e of his perso nal style of go vernment : pe dantic, uninhib ited, alternate ly humane and wr athful , a nd ultimately de spotic. The insc ription from Lugd unu m is a n interestin g comparison with t he version of t h e historia n Tacitus i n his Annals, whic h gives an acco un t of the sam e speech . The speech as reco rded in the i nscri ption, in spi te o f irrelevance, inconse quence, an d fondnes s for digressi o n (much of which is abs ent in t he version o f Tacitus), sh o ws that Claudius kne w what h e wanted and th at he apprec iate d the latent force s of R oman tradition.
His marriage with Messalina ended in 48, when she appar e n t l y conspired against him and, according to Tacitus , co nd uc te d a public marriage ceremony with her lover , Gaiu s Si liu s . Messalina and Silius were killed, and C laudiu s marr ie d hi s niece Agrippina, an act contrary t o Roma n law, wh ic h he t herefore changed. To satisfy Agr ippina' s lust fo r po wer, Cl audius had to adopt her so n Lucius D omitius Ah enoba rbus (la ter the emperor Nero) , to the dis advantage o f hi s own son B ritannicus. In ad dition, the n ew commande r of t he guards, A franius Burru s, was protect ed by Agripp ina. Ro man traditio n is unani mous in statin g that Claudiu s was po isoned by Agr ippin a on Oct. 13, A D 54, though th e detail s differ. A vers i on of poisonin g by mushrooms pre vailed. L ucius Annaeus S en eca, the pol itician and satiris t, who ha d been exile d by Cl audius a t his accession but h ad been re called a t Agrippina' s urg ing to educate Nero, d erided th e dea d emperor and hi s ap otheosis (duly decree d by the Sen at e) in the satire Apo c olocyntosis divi Claud ii ("The Pum p kinification of the Di v ine Claudius"; the ti tle and it s ex act meaning are bot h sub ject to dispute).
The picture of Claudius that appears in this work h a s m u c h in common with that of later Roman historians w h o gi v e de tails of the unpopular side of Claudius' admi ni strat io n. Th e Apocolocyntosis ridicules his physica l app earanc e a nd hi s speaking ability and casts aspersi ons o n his ab ilit ies a s a judge, depicting him as arbit rary-- of givin g lega l judg ments without a fair hearin g and o f summaril y orderi ng th e executions of relatives , senato rs, and kni ghts.
Tacitus, Suetonius, and the later historian Dio Cassi u s a t t ribute Claudius' mistakes to infirmity of charact e r an d t h e influence of his wives and freedmen. They ec h o th e host il ity of the upper classes against an emper o r who , in spit e o f his words, had been unfavourable t o t hem. T hat this t radi tion is one-sided is shown by th e su rvivin g document s of th e reign and the energy wit h whic h Claudi us carrie d out th e affairs of government . Source : www.eb. comClaudiu s I (10 B C-AD 54), Roman emp eror (A D 41-54). Cl audius wa s born TIBER IUS CLAUDIUS DR USUS NER O GERMANICU S in Lugdunu m(present-da y Lyon, Fra n ce). Hi s father, Ner o Claudius Dr usus, was ayo unger b rother o f Tiberius Claud ius Nero Caesa r , later th e Rom an empero rTiberius. Claudi us held no impo rtant publi c o ffice unti l the age o f 47,w hen he became co nsul duri n g the reig n of his nephew, Empe ror Caligula.Whe n the l atte r w as a ssassinated in AD 41 , Claudius was proc laim edempero r b y the Praetorian Guard , who found h im hidi n g in the pa l ace. Thefirst acts of h is reign gave promi s e of mild an d ju st government ; but i n42, when a consp irac y agains t his lif e was uncovered, h e went intosemir etireme nt. H i s wife Mess alina became lar gely responsib le foradmi nis tering the gover nment for a ti me. She p ra cticed cruelt i es andextortions wi thout restra int. Asid e from the exces s es perpetrated unde r the influe nce o f Messalina, Claudi us' s reign was that o f an ableadm ini strator, both in civ i l a nd military affairs . Mauretan i a(present-day norther n Moroc co and western Alger ia) w a s mad e a Romanprovince ; the con quest of Britain wa s b egu n; and the Roman armie s foughtsuc cessfull y agains t t he G ermans. Judea and Thr ace also beca me Romanprovin ces dur in g his rule. Claudi u s expended enor mous sums i n building , especially in th e construction of th e famou s Claudian A q ue duct. Hisadmi nistration was charact eriz ed by a declin e in t he power o f thenobility and b y t h e practice, late r commonp lace, o f grantingresponsi bility a nd wealth to th e persona l foll ower s of the emp eror,includ ing former sla ves. In 4 8 Cla udius ordered th e execution o f Messalina, w ho had indi ca ted hercontemp t for him by p ub licly stagin g a mock marr i age with he r lover. Hethen defie d widesprea d disapprova l b y marr y ing his niece, Agrippin a theYounge r, under wh ose in fl uence he deprived his son b y Messalina ,B ritanni cus, o f h is heritage, adopting instea d Agrippin a's son b y afo rmer ma rriage, Nero, late r empero r of Rome . Shortl y th ereafter Cl audiuswas poisoned, presum ably b y Agrippi na . Claudiu s is d epicted by ancienthistori ans a s bein g n eglected, sickly, an d ridiculed before comin g t o powe r ; his character during hi s reign is described a s i gnor a nt andmalicious. Modern schol ars , however, ten d t o di sc ount their testimony andestimat e him as shrewd a nd a b le . Source: "Claudius I, " Microsoft(R ) Encarta(R) 9 8 En cy c lopedia. (c)1993-1997 Microsoft Corpor a tion. Al l ri gh t s reserved. -------------------- TIBERIU S CLAUDIU S C AES A R AUGUSTUS GERMANICUS, original name (unti l AD 41) T IBER IU S CLAUDIUS NE RO GERMANICUS Roman emperor (A D 41- 5 4) , wh o extendedRoman rule in North Africa and made B r i t a in a p rovince.
Early life.
The son of Nero Claudius Drusus, a popular and succes s f u l R oman general,and the younger Anton ia, he was th e n ep he w o f the emperor Tiberius and agrandson of Livi a Dru sil la , th e wife of th e emperor Augustus. Ill heal th,una ttra cti ve ap pearance, clumsiness of manner, and c oarsene s s o f ta stedi d not recommend him for a public l ife. Th e imper ial f amil y seems tohave considere d him s omethin g of an e mbarra ssmen t, and he was long leftto hi s own pr ivate stud ies an d amus e ments. It was the histo rian Liv y whorecogni zed an d encour aged his inclinatio n for histo rica l studie s.Claud ius wrot e a pamphlet def ending the r epublican poli tician a nd orator Cicero, w h o was execute d by the triumvi rs; and , having dis cover ed that itwas di fficult to spea k free l y on the civi l w ars toward the en d of theRoman Re public , he began a his t ory of Rome wit h th e principate o fAugust us. He compos ed 2 0 books of Et ruscan and 8 books o f Cartha ginianhist ory , al l in Greek ; an autobiography; a nd a hist orica l treatise o n theRoma n alphabet with sugges t ions fo r o rthographical re form-- which asemperor he late r tried n o t very successfull y t o imple ment. He also wrot eon dic e pl aying, of whic h h e was fond. All his works ar e lost , and t heirim porta nce ca nnot be measured. The Etru sca n history m ay have ha d origina lmaterial: his first w i f e, Plautia Urg ulanilla , had Etrusc an blood, andher fam i ly was probably a ble t o put Claudi u s in touch with aut h enticEtruscan tradi tio ns. After divor cing Urgulanilla , h e in turn married Ael i a Paetina, Valeri a Messalina , who w as his wife at his ac c ession, and, finally , Agri ppina t h e Younger. By his fi rs t three wives he had f iv echildren , of whom Drusus an d Clau dia died bef ore he be c ame emper or. As ayoung ma n Claudiu s was made a membe r of va rious r eligious colleg es , buth e became consul o nly under t he re ign of his old er brother' s son Gaius(Ca ligula) in 3 7 . Th ere was, howe ver, little c ordiality b etween the two.
Emperor and colonizer
Power came to Claudius unexpectedly after Gaius' mu r d e r o n Jan. 24, 41,when he was discovere d tremblin g i n t h e pala ce by a soldier. ThePraetorian Guards, th e imp eri a l househo ld troops , made him emperor onJanuar y 25 . By f am ily tradit ion and antiquarian inclinations , Clau diusw a s i n sympath y with the senatorial aristocr acy; bu t sold iers a ndcourtier s were his real suppor ter s, whil e freedm en an d foreigner s hadbeen his friends i n the day s of negl ect. I nitially, t h e attitude of theS enate wa s at best am biguous . In 42 man y senators suppor ted the i ll-fatedreb e llion o f the Governo r of Dalmatia . Even lat er, several at tempts o nClaudius' lif e involve d se nator s and knights. T hough pay ing homage to t hedig nity of th e Senate (to whos e administr atio n he return e d the provi ncesof Macedonia a nd Achaea) a nd giving new o pp ortunitie s to the knigh ts , Claudius wa s ruthless an d occasi onall y cruel in his dea lings withindi vidual mem bers of b o t h orders. From the ve ry beginning h e emphas izedhis fr iend ship with the army an d paid cash f o r hi s proclamati on asem peror.
Claudius' decision to invade Britain (43) and his per s o n a l appearance atthe climax of the exp edition, the c ro ss i n g of the Thames and the captureof Camulodunum (Co lch est er ) , were prompte d by his need of popularity and glor y. B u t co ncern with the anti-Roman influence of th e Dru i d pr ie sthoo d,which he tried to suppress in Gaul , an d a genera l i nclina tion towardexpanding th e fronti ers w ere other r easo ns. Cla udius planted a colony ofvet eran s at Camulodun um an d esta b lished client-kingdoms t o pro tect thefrontie rs o f the pro vince; these were afte rwar d a sourc e of tro uble , suchas th e revolt in 47 o f Prasu tagus, client-kin g of th e Iceni, an d laterth e g eneral r evolt instigated b y his wi fe Boudicc a (als o calledBoadic ea). He also annexe d Maureta n ia (41-4 2 ) in North Africa , of whichhe made tw o province s (Caes arien sis in the eas t and Tingi tana in t hewest), Ly ci a in Asia M inor (43) , and Thrace (46). Thoug h he enlarg e d thekingdo m o f Her od Agrippa I, he later ma de Judae a a p rovince on A grippa 'sdeath in 44. In 49 he an nex e d Iture a (northeaster n Pa lestine) to theprovince o f S yria. He wa s careful no t t o involve th e empire in maj o r warswith th e Germans a nd th e Parthians. Claudius supp o rted Roman cont rol of Ar menia, b ut in 52 he preferre d th e collapse of th e pro-Ro man governm entto a war wit h Parth ia , leaving a di fficul t situation t o his succes sor.
In the civil administration, many measures demonstrat e C l a u dius'enlightened policy. He improv ed in detail t he j ud ic ia l system, and, inhis dealings with the provin ces , h e fav our ed a moder ate extension ofRoman citizens hi p by i ndivid ua l and collective grants: in Noricum, ad ist ric t s outh o f th e Danube comprising what is now cen tra l Austri a andpar ts o f Bavaria, for instanc e, five c ommu nities be came Roma nmuni cipalities. He encouraged ur baniz ation an d planted se ver a l colonies,for example, a t Camu lodunum a nd at Coloni a Agr ippinensis (modern Colo gne)i n German y i n 51. In hi s religi ous policy Claudiu s respe cted traditio n;he revive d old reli gious ceremo n ies, cel ebrated the fe stival of th eSecular Ga mes in 4 7 (three da ys and nights o f games an d s acrificecom memo rating the 8 00th birthday o f Rome), mad e himself a cen s or in 47,an d extended i n 4 9 the pomeriu m of Rome (i.e ., th e bounda ry of the areai n which only Rom an gods cou ld be w o rship ped and magistra tes ruled withciv il, no t military, p ower s). He protecte d the haruspice s (d ivi ners) andprobab l y Romanized the cu lt of the Phrygian d e ity Attis. Accor din g to thebiog raph er Suetonius in Cl audi us, during a p erio d of troubles Cla udiusexpelled th e Jew s from Rom e f or a sh ort time; Chris tians may hav e beeninv olved. Elsew here he co nfirmed exist ing Jewi s h rights an d privileges ,and in Alexa ndria he tr ied t o protect the Jew s withou t provoking Egyp t iannation ali sm. In a surviving l ette r addressed to the cit y of Ale x andria,he asked Jew s a n d non-Jews "to stop this d estru c tive and obstinat e mutua lenmity." Although personal l y dis incl ined to acc ept divin e honours, he didnot ser iousl y o ppose the curre nt trend an d had a templ e erect ed tohims e lf in Camulodu num. His publ ic works include t he reorganiz a tion ofthe g rain s upply o f Rome and const ruction of a n e w harbour a t Ostia,which wa s later impro ved by the emp e ro r Trajan.
Administrative innovations.
Claudius' general policy increased the control of the e m p e r or over thetreasury and the provin cial administrat i o n a n d apparently gavejurisdiction in fiscal matter s t o hi s o w n governors i n the senatorialprovinces. H e crea te d a ki n d of cabinet of freedmen, on whom he bes towedho no u rs, t o s uperintend various branches of the a dministr ati on. Anim pres sive series of documents , suc h as a spee ch f or the ad missi on ofGauls to the Senate r ecorded o n a part ly defecti ve in s cription atLugdunum ( Lyon), th e edict fo r the Anaun i (a n Alpine population w ho hadusur ped th e ri ghts of Roma n cit izenship and who m Claudius c onfirmed int hese rights) , and t he aforement i oned lette r to the cit y of Alexandria (ad 41) , surviv e as evidenc e of his person al style of go v ernment: peda ntic, uninhib ited, alternatel y humane and wrat hful, a n d ultimatelydes potic. Th e inscr iption from Lugdun um i s a n interestin g comparison withth e version of the his t orian T ac itus i n his Annals, whic h gives anaccount of t h e same sp eech . The speech as recor ded in the i nscript ion , inspit e o f irrelevance, inconseq uence, and fondnes s fo r digres sion ( much ofwhic h is abse nt in the versio n of Ta citus) , shows t hat Claudius knew w hathe wanted a nd that h e a p preciated th e latent forces o f Roman trad ition.
His marriage with Messalina ended in 48, when she appar e n t l y conspiredagainst him and, accord ing to Tacitus , co nd uc te d a public marriageceremony with her lover, G aiu s Sil ius . M essalina a nd Silius were killed,and Clau diu s marri ed h is n iece Agrippina, an act contrary to Ro ma n law, whi ch h e ther efore changed. To satisfy Agrippi na' s lust fo r power ,Claudi us had to adopt her s on Luci us D omitius Ah enobarbu s (late r theemperor Nero), to th e disa dvantage o f his ow n son Br i tannicus. Inaddition , the ne w commande r of the g uards, Afra nius Burrus, wa s protecte dby Agri pp ina. Roma n tradition i s unanimou s in statin g that Claudiu s waspoiso ned by Agrippi na o n Oct . 13, A D 54, though th e details di ffer. Aversi o n of poisoning b y mushrooms prev ailed. Luci u s Annaeu s Sene ca, thepoliti cian and satirist , who had be en exil ed by Clau dius at hi s accessio nbut ha d been recall ed a t Agrippina' s urgin g to educate Nero, de rided thedea d e mperor and h i s apot heosis (duly decreed b y the Senat e ) in thesatire Ap ocolo cyntosis divi Claudii ( "The Pu m pkin ification of the D iv ineClaudius"; the titl e and i ts exac t meaning are both s u bject to dis pute).
The picture of Claudius that appears in this work h a s m u c h in common withthat of later Roma n historians w h o gi v e de tails of the unpopular side ofClaudius' admin is trati on . Th e Apocolocy ntosis ridicules his physicala ppe aranc e an d hi s speaking ability and casts aspersion s o n hi s a bilit iesa s a judge, depicting him as arbitra ry-- of givin g lega l judg ments withouta fair he aring an d o f summaril y orderi ng th e executions of relatives,sen ator s, and knig hts.
Tacitus, Suetonius, and the later historian Dio Cassi u s a t t ributeClaudius' mistakes to infirm ity of charact e r an d t h e influence of hiswives and freedmen. They ec h o the h osti li ty of the u pper classes againstan emper o r who, i n spit e o f his words, had been unfavourable t o t hem.Th a t this t radi tion is one-sided is shown by th e su rvivin g document s ofth e reign and the energ y wit h whic h Claudi us carrie d out th e affairs ofgovernment . Source : www.eb.c om
!BIRTH:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
!DEATH:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
Hildegar Limoges Vicomte De Limoges and Tietberga (Tetrisca) Of Bourges
Husband Hildegar Limoges Vicomte De Limoges 2
Born: Abt 0864
Christened:
Died: After 26 Mar 0937
Buried:
Father: Hildebert Limoges Vicomte De Limoges (Abt 0835- ) 2
Mother: Adaltrude ( - ) 2
Marriage:
Wife Tietberga (Tetrisca) Of Bourges 2
Born:
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Died:
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Father: Geraud Of Bourges Count Of Bourges ( - ) 2
Mother:
Children
1 M Geraud Limoges Vicomte De Limoges 2
Born:
Christened:
Died: After 0991
Buried:
Spouse: Rotilde De Brosse ( - ) 2
Marr: Abt 0950
General Notes (Husband)
!BIRTH:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
!DEATH:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
General Notes for Child Geraud Limoges Vicomte De Limoges
!DEATH:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
Tigernmas Of Ireland King Of Ireland
Husband Tigernmas Of Ireland King Of Ireland 2
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Died:
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Father: Follac Of Ireland Prince Of Ireland ( - ) 2
Mother:
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Wife
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1 M Eiobiothad Of Ireland Prince Of Ireland 2
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Tighermas
Husband Tighermas 1
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Father: Follach ( - ) 1
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Wife
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1 M Eionboithad 1
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Tigranes I Of Armenia King Of Armenia
Husband Tigranes I Of Armenia King Of Armenia 2
Born: - [Abt 140 BC]
Christened:
Died: - [Abt. 55 BC]
Buried:
Father: Artaxias I Of Armenia King Of Armenia ( - ) 2
Mother:
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Wife
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1 M Tigranes II Of Armenia 2
Born:
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Buried:
Spouse: Cleopatria Of Pontus ( - ) 2
2 M Artavasdes I Of Armenia King Of Armenia 2
Born:
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General Notes (Husband)
Tigranes I (140?-55? BC), king of Armenia who reuni t e d t h e independent Armenian kingdoms under his rul e i n 9 4 BC . H e conquered parts of Asia Minor and Mesopo tami a, b ut hi s ki ngdom was invaded by the Romans in 6 9 BC. S ource : "Tig rane s I," Microsoft(R) Encarta(R) 9 8 Encyclop edia . (c) 199 3-199 7 Microsoft Corporation. Al l rights re serve d.
!BIRTH:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
!DEATH:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
Diego Munoz Count Of Saldana and Tigrida
Husband Diego Munoz Count Of Saldana 2
Born:
Christened:
Died: Abt 0951
Buried:
Father: Muno Nunez ( -After 0915) 2
Mother:
Marriage: Abt 0920
Wife Tigrida 2
Born:
Christened:
Died: After 0940
Buried:
Children
1 F Elvira Diaz De Saldana 1 2
Born: Abt 0930
Christened:
Died: After 0975
Buried:
Spouse: Fernando Vermudez Cea Count (Abt 0930-After 0978) 1 2
2 M Gomez Diez 2
Born:
Christened:
Died: After 0986
Buried:
Spouse: Muniadona Fernandez ( - ) 2
General Notes (Husband)
!DEATH:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
General Notes (Wife)
!DEATH:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
General Notes for Child Elvira Diaz De Saldana
!DEATH:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
General Notes for Child Gomez Diez
!DEATH:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
Tilden and Jane McCormick
Husband Tilden 2
Born:
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Died:
Buried:
Marriage:
Wife Jane McCormick 2
Born: 3 Jul 1826 - Greensburg, Summit, OH
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Father: George McCormick (1769-1854) 2
Mother: Mary Jane Steel ( - ) 2
Tiradates I Of Parthia
Husband Tiradates I Of Parthia 2
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Marriage:
Wife
Born:
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Died:
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Children
1 M Artabanus I Of Parthia 2
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
1st Christian Tiren Tiridates IV
Husband 1st Christian Tiren Tiridates IV 1
Born:
Christened:
Died: 0350
Buried:
Father: King Chosroes II Of Western ( -0297) 1
Mother:
Marriage:
Noted events in his life were:
• Baptism, Reigned 298-350
Wife
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Children
1 M King Chosroes III Of Armenia 1 9
Born:
Christened:
Died: 0339
Buried:
General Notes (Husband)
1 NAME Helios //
King Tiridates II Of Armenia
Husband King Tiridates II Of Armenia 1
Born:
Christened:
Died: 0252
Buried:
Father: King Chosroes I Of Armenia ( -0216) 1
Mother:
Marriage:
Noted events in his life were:
• Baptism, Reigned 216-252
Wife
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Children
1 M King Chosroes II Of Western 1
Born:
Christened:
Died: 0297 - Slain By His Brothers 9
Buried:
General Notes (Husband)
Still a pagan Zoroastrain
General Notes for Child King Chosroes II Of Western
1 NAME The /Valiant/
Tiridates II Of Armenia King Of Armenia
Husband Tiridates II Of Armenia King Of Armenia 2
Born: Between 0194 and 0195
Christened:
Died: Between 0252 and 0253
Buried:
Father: Khusraw I 'The Brave' Of Armenia King Of Armenia (Between 0165-Abt 0216) 2
Mother:
Marriage:
Wife
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Children
1 M Tiridates III Of Armenia 2
Born: Abt 0235
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
2 M Khusraw II 'The Valiant' Of Armenia King Of W. Armenia 2
Born: Abt 0236
Christened:
Died: Abt 0287
Buried:
General Notes (Husband)
!BIRTH:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
!DEATH:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
General Notes for Child Tiridates III Of Armenia
!BIRTH:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
General Notes for Child Khusraw II 'The Valiant' Of Armenia King Of W. Armenia
!BIRTH:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
!DEATH:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
Tiridates III Of Armenia
Husband Tiridates III Of Armenia 2
Born: Abt 0235
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Father: Tiridates II Of Armenia King Of Armenia (Between 0194-Between 0252) 2
Mother:
Marriage:
Wife
Born:
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Died:
Buried:
Children
1 F Dau Of Tiridantes III Of Armenia 2
Born: Abt 0270
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Spouse: Yusik I Of The Gregorids (Abt 0266- ) 2
General Notes (Husband)
!BIRTH:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
General Notes for Child Dau Of Tiridantes III Of Armenia
!BIRTH:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
Garcia Of Viguera Ramirez and Toda
Husband Garcia Of Viguera Ramirez (details suppressed for this person)
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Died:
Buried:
Father: King Ramiro Garces Of Viguera ( -0981) 1 2
Mother:
Marriage:
Wife Toda (details suppressed for this person)
Born:
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Died:
Buried:
Children
1 F Toda Garces (details suppressed for this person)
Born:
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Died:
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2 F Fronilda Garces De Viguera (details suppressed for this person)
Born:
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Died:
Buried:
Bernard I Tallaferro Count Of Besalu and Toda Of Provence
Husband Bernard I Tallaferro Count Of Besalu 1 2 5
Born: 0955 5
Christened:
Died: Abt 1020
Buried:
Father: Oliva II Of Cerdagne Count Of Cerdagne (Abt 0926-Abt 0990) 2
Mother: Ermengarde Of Ampurias ( - ) 2
Marriage:
Wife Toda Of Provence 2
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Father: Count Guillaume III Taillefer Of Toulouse (0947-1037) 1 2 3 5 7 10
Mother: Arsinde D'anjou (0948-Abt 1026) 1 2 3 5 7 10
Children
1 F Constance Velasquita Of Besalu 2
Born:
Christened:
Died: Abt 1038
Buried:
Spouse: Count Ermengaude II Of Urgel (Abt 1009-Abt 1038) 2
2 F Garsinde Bezalu 1 2 5
Born: 0981 - Of, Bezalu, France 5
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Spouse: Berenger I Of Narbonne Vicomte De Narbonne (0979-1066) 1 2 5
Marr: Abt 1010
General Notes (Husband)
[royalty.ged]
NAME Bernard Taillefer Seigneur De /BEZALU/
General Notes for Child Constance Velasquita Of Besalu
!DEATH:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
General Notes for Child Garsinde Bezalu
!BIRTH:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
Togodumus
Husband Togodumus 2
Born:
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Died:
Buried:
Father: King Cymbeline Of The Silures ( - ) 2
Mother:
Marriage:
Wife
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Tola
Husband Tola (details suppressed for this person)
Born:
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Died:
Buried:
Father: Issachar Ibn Jacob ( - ) 2
Mother:
Marriage:
Wife (details suppressed for this person)
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Tolargan King
Husband Tolargan King 1
Born:
Christened:
Died: 0657
Buried:
Father: Eanfrith King (Abt 0600-0634) 1
Mother: Pictish Princess ( - ) 1
Marriage:
Wife
Born:
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Died:
Buried:
General Notes (Husband)
1 NAME Talorcen //
Tony and Deanna Barker
Husband Tony (details suppressed for this person)
Born:
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Died:
Buried:
Marriage:
Wife Deanna Barker (details suppressed for this person)
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Father: Larry Lee Barker (1946-1967) 11
Mother: Karen Martin
Other Spouse: Terry Bass
Children
1 F Amber (details suppressed for this person)
Born:
Christened:
Died:
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