Prince Anthony Of France and Princess Eulalia Spain Of Spain
Husband Prince Anthony Of France 1
Born: 1866 1
Christened:
Died: 1930 1
Buried:
Father: Duke Anton D'orleans Duke Of Montpensier (1824-1890) 1 2 3 4
Mother: Princess Louise De Burbon Of Spain (1832-1897) 1 2 3 4
Marriage: 6 Mar 1886 1
Wife Princess Eulalia Spain Of Spain 1 4
AKA: Eulalia Princess Of Spain
Born: 12 Feb 1864 - , Palacio Real, Madrid, Spain 1
Christened: 13 Feb 1864 - , Madrid, Madrid, Spain 1
Died: 8 Mar 1958 1
Buried:
AFN: FHLK-N4
Father: Duke Francisco De Borbon De Asis Of Cadiz (1822-1902) 1 2 3 4 5
Mother: Queen Isabella II De Burbon Of Spain & The Indies (1830-1904) 1 2 3 4 5
Noted events in her life were:
• Alt. Birth 4, , Palacio Real, Madrid, Spain, 12 Feb 1864
• Alt. Death 4, Villa Atabulfo, Irun, Guipbuzcoa, Spain, 8 Mar 1958
• Alt. Christened 4, , Madrid, Madrid, Spain, 13 Feb 1864
General Notes (Husband)
[royalty.ged]
!Lines of Succession.
Prince Anthony I Of Monaco and Mistress Of Monaco
Husband Prince Anthony I Of Monaco 1
Born: 1661 1
Christened:
Died: 1731 1
Buried:
Father: Duke Louis I Of Valentinois (1642-1701) 1
Mother: Charlotte Catherine Of Gramont (1639-1678) 1
Marriage:
Other Spouse: Mary De Lorraine (1674-1724) 1 - 1688 1
Wife Mistress Of Monaco 1
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Children
1 M Anthony Gov Gen Of Monaco 1
Born:
Christened:
Died: 1784 1
Buried:
General Notes (Husband)
[royalty.ged]
!Lines of Succession.
General Notes (Wife)
[royalty.ged]
!Lines of Succession.
General Notes for Child Anthony Gov Gen Of Monaco
[royalty.ged]
!Lines of Succession.
Prince Anthony I Of Monaco and Mary De Lorraine
Husband Prince Anthony I Of Monaco 1
Born: 1661 1
Christened:
Died: 1731 1
Buried:
Father: Duke Louis I Of Valentinois (1642-1701) 1
Mother: Charlotte Catherine Of Gramont (1639-1678) 1
Marriage: 1688 1
Other Spouse: Mistress Of Monaco ( - ) 1
Wife Mary De Lorraine 1
Born: 1674 1
Christened:
Died: 1724 1
Buried:
Father: Count Louis I Of Harcourt-Armagnac ( - ) 1
Mother:
Children
1 F Louise Hyppolite Monaco 1
Born: 1697 1
Christened:
Died: 1731 1
Buried:
Spouse: Prince James I Of Monaco (1689-1751) 1
Marr: 1715 1
2 F Margaret Of Monaco 1
Born: 1700 1
Christened:
Died: 1758 1
Buried:
Spouse: Louis De Gand Prince Of Isenghien (1678-1767) 1
Marr: 1720 1
General Notes (Husband)
[royalty.ged]
!Lines of Succession.
General Notes (Wife)
[royalty.ged]
!Lines of Succession.
General Notes for Child Louise Hyppolite Monaco
[royalty.ged]
!Lines of Succession.
General Notes for Child Margaret Of Monaco
[royalty.ged]
!Lines of Succession.
Lagus 'The Rabbit' Of Macedonia and Antigone Of Macedonia
Husband Lagus 'The Rabbit' Of Macedonia 6
Born: - [Abt. 354 BC], Pella, Macedonia
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Father: Philip II Of Macedonia King Of Macedonia ( - ) 6
Mother: Olympias Of Epirus Princess Of Epirus ( - ) 6
Marriage:
Other Spouse: Arsinoe I Of Macedonia ( - ) 6
Wife Antigone Of Macedonia 6
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Children
1 F Bernice I Of Macedonia 6
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Spouse: Philip Of Macedonia ( - ) 6
Spouse: Soter 'Saviour' I Ptolemy King Of Egypt ( - ) 6
Marr: [Abt. 300 BC]
General Notes (Husband)
Ancestry in doubt. May not be the son of Philip II o f M a c e donia.Ancestry in doubt. May not be the son of Ph il i p I I o f Macedonia.
!BIRTH:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
General Notes for Child Bernice I Of Macedonia
Berenike I was the mother of Ptolemy Magas and was ma r r i e d to Soter in about 300 B.C. Source: www.touregypt. ne tB er en ike I was the mother of Ptolemy Magas and was m arr ie d t o So ter inabout 300 B.C. Source: www.touregypt. net
Xerses I Of Armenia King Of Armenia and Antiochis Of Syria
Husband Xerses I Of Armenia King Of Armenia 6
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Father: Arsames I Of Armenia King Of Armenia ( - ) 6
Mother:
Marriage:
Wife Antiochis Of Syria 6
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Father: King Antiochus III Of Syria ( - ) 6
Mother: Laodice III Of Pontus ( - ) 6
Children
1 M Ptolemy I Of Commagene King Of Commagene 6
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
2 M Zariadres Of Sophene King Of Sophene 6
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Antiochus
Husband Antiochus 6
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Marriage:
Wife
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Children
1 M Mithridates II Of Pontus 6
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Spouse: Laodice Of Syria ( - ) 6
General Notes for Child Mithridates II Of Pontus
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Mithridates II (the Great), was the king of Parthia from c. 124 to 88 BC. Parthia reached its greatest extent during his reign.
He saved the kingdom from the Scythians (Sacae or Tocharii), who had occupied Bactria and eastern Iran and killed his predecessor in battle. Mithridates II extended the limits of the empire, according to the 3rd century AD Roman historian (Junianus Justinus (42, 2) who tends to confuse him with Mithridates III, under who Parthia received severe setbacks.
He defeated King Artavasdes of Armenia and conquered seventy valleys; and the prince Tigranes came as hostage to the Parthians (Justin 42, 2; Strabo, xi. 532). His name invokes the protection of Mithra. His coins show him bearded, wearing the high domed Parthian crown applied with a star.
He also interfered in the wars of the dynasts of Syria (Josephus Antiquities of the Jews xiii. 14, 3). He was the first Parthian king who entered into negotiations with Rome, then represented by Sulla, praetor of Cilicia in 92 BC.
Antiochus 'Hierax' Of Syria
Husband Antiochus 'Hierax' Of Syria 6
Born: - [Abt. 250 BC]
Christened:
Died: - [Abt. 226 BC]
Buried:
Father: King Antiochus II Of Syria ( - ) 6
Mother: Laodice I Of Syria ( - ) 6
Marriage:
Wife
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
General Notes (Husband)
!BIRTH:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
!DEATH:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
King Antiochus I Of The Commagne and Isias Philostrogos
Husband King Antiochus I Of The Commagne 6
Born: - [Abt. 95 BC]
Christened:
Died: - [Abt. 36 BC]
Buried:
Father: Mithridates I Kallinikos Of Commagene King Of The Commagne ( - ) 6
Mother: Laodice Thea Philadelphos Of Syria ( - ) 6
Marriage:
Wife Isias Philostrogos 6
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Children
1 F Princess Dau Of Antiochus I Of The Commagene 6
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Spouse: Artavasdes I Of Arthropatene King Of Atropatene ( - ) 6
General Notes (Husband)
!BIRTH:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
!DEATH:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
Antiochus I 'Soter' Of Syria King Of Syria and Stratonice I Of Macedonia
Husband Antiochus I 'Soter' Of Syria King Of Syria 6
Born: - [Abt. 324 BC]
Christened:
Died: - [Abt. 2 Jun. 261 BC]
Buried:
Father: Seleucus I 'Nictator' Of Syria King Of Syria ( - ) 6
Mother: Apama II Of Bactria ( - ) 6
Marriage:
Wife Stratonice I Of Macedonia 6
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Children
1 F Apama Of Syria 6
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Spouse: Megas Of Cyrene ( - ) 6
2 M King Antiochus II Of Syria 6
Born: - 287 BC
Christened:
Died: - Aug. 246 BC
Buried:
Spouse: Laodice I Of Syria ( - ) 6
General Notes (Husband)
!BIRTH:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
!DEATH:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
General Notes for Child King Antiochus II Of Syria
!BIRTH:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
!DEATH:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
King Antiochus II Of Syria and Laodice I Of Syria
Husband King Antiochus II Of Syria 6
Born: - 287 BC
Christened:
Died: - Aug. 246 BC
Buried:
Father: Antiochus I 'Soter' Of Syria King Of Syria ( - ) 6
Mother: Stratonice I Of Macedonia ( - ) 6
Marriage:
Wife Laodice I Of Syria 6
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Father: Achaeus Of Syria ( - ) 6
Mother: Dau Of Alexander 'The Great' Of Macedonia ( - ) 6
Children
1 F Laodice Of Syria 6
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Spouse: Mithridates II Of Pontus ( - ) 6
2 M Antiochus 'Hierax' Of Syria 6
Born: - [Abt. 250 BC]
Christened:
Died: - [Abt. 226 BC]
Buried:
3 M King Seleucus II Of Syria 6
Born: - 265 BC
Christened:
Died: - 226 BC
Buried:
Spouse: Laodice II Of Syria ( - ) 6
General Notes (Husband)
!BIRTH:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
!DEATH:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
General Notes for Child Antiochus 'Hierax' Of Syria
!BIRTH:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
!DEATH:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
General Notes for Child King Seleucus II Of Syria
Seleucus II, called Callinicus (circa 265-226 BC), r u l e r ( 247-226 BC) of the Seleucid kingdom, the son of A nt io ch us I I Theos. Seleucus II was unable to prevent Pt ole m y II I of E gypt from invading Syria and Mesopotami a duri n g th e Third S yrian War (246-241 BC). He allowe d the Bac tr ian s and Parthi ans to establish their indepe ndence i n th e eas t and lost hi s possessions in Asia Min or to hi s brot her An tiochus Hierax . Source: "Seleucus I I," Micro soft(R ) Encart a(R) 98 Encyclo pedia. (c) 1993-1 997 Micros oft Cor poration . All rights rese rved.Seleucu s II, calle d Callini cus (circ a 265-226 BC), rul er (247- 226 BC) ofth e Seleuci d kingdo m , the son of Antioch us I I Theos. Sele ucus II wa sunable t o prevent Ptolemy II I o f Egypt fro m i nvading Sy ria andMes opotamia during t he Thir d Syria n War (246-241 B C). He allo wed theBactria n s and Par thia ns to establish t heir indepen dence in th e east andlos t h is possessions i n Asia M inor t o his br other Antiochu s H ierax. Source: "S eleucus II," Mic rosof t(R) Encarta(R ) 98 En cyclopedia. (c) 1993-1997 Microso f t Corpor ation . All right s reserved.
!BIRTH:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
!DEATH:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
King Antiochus III Of Syria and Laodice III Of Pontus
Husband King Antiochus III Of Syria 6
Born: - 242 BC
Christened:
Died: - 4 Jun. 187 BC
Buried:
Father: King Seleucus II Of Syria ( - ) 6
Mother: Laodice II Of Syria ( - ) 6
Marriage:
Wife Laodice III Of Pontus 6
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Father: Mithridates II Of Pontus ( - ) 6
Mother: Laodice Of Syria ( - ) 6
Children
1 M Artioches Of Syria 6
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Spouse: Laodice Of Syria ( - ) 6
2 F Laodice Of Syria 6
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Spouse: Artioches Of Syria ( - ) 6
3 F Antiochis Of Syria 6
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Spouse: Xerses I Of Armenia King Of Armenia ( - ) 6
4 M King Seleucus IV Of Syria 6
Born: - 222 BC
Christened:
Died: - 175 BC
Buried:
Spouse: Laodice IV Of Macedonia ( - ) 6
5 M Antiochus IV 'Epiphanes' Of Syria 6
Born: - [Abt. 215 BC]
Christened:
Died: - [Abt. 164 BC]
Buried:
Spouse: Laodice ( - ) 6
6 F Cleopatra I Of Syria 6
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Spouse: Epiphanes Ptolemy V Of Egypt ( - ) 6
General Notes (Husband)
!BIRTH:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
!DEATH:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
General Notes for Child King Seleucus IV Of Syria
!BIRTH:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
!DEATH:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
General Notes for Child Antiochus IV 'Epiphanes' Of Syria
!BIRTH:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
!DEATH:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
Antiochus IV 'Epiphanes' Of Syria and Laodice
Husband Antiochus IV 'Epiphanes' Of Syria 6
Born: - [Abt. 215 BC]
Christened:
Died: - [Abt. 164 BC]
Buried:
Father: King Antiochus III Of Syria ( - ) 6
Mother: Laodice III Of Pontus ( - ) 6
Marriage:
Wife Laodice 6
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Children
1 F Laodice Of Syria 6
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Spouse: Mithradates V Eurgetes Of Pontus King Of Pontus ( - ) 6
General Notes (Husband)
!BIRTH:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
!DEATH:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
King Antiochus VIII Philmeter Grypos Of Syria and Cleopatra Tryphaena Of Egypt
Husband King Antiochus VIII Philmeter Grypos Of Syria 6
Born: - [Abt. 143 BC]
Christened:
Died: - [Abt. 96 BC]
Buried:
Father: King Demetrius II Nicator Of Syria ( - ) 6
Mother: Cleopatra Thea Euergetes Of Egypt ( - ) 6
Marriage:
Wife Cleopatra Tryphaena Of Egypt 6
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Father: Euergetes II Ptolemy VIII Of Egypt ( - ) 6
Mother: Cleopatra III Of Egypt ( - ) 6
Children
1 F Laodice Thea Philadelphos Of Syria 6
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Spouse: Mithridates I Kallinikos Of Commagene King Of The Commagne ( - ) 6
General Notes (Husband)
!BIRTH:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
!DEATH:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
Antipator Of Macedonia King Of Macedonia
Husband Antipator Of Macedonia King Of Macedonia 6
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Marriage:
Wife
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Children
1 F Nicaea I Of Macedonia 6
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Spouse: Lysimachus Of Macedonia ( - ) 6
2 F Phila I Of Macedonia 6
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Comte Antoine De Charol
Husband Comte Antoine De Charol 1
Born: 30 Sep 1430 - , Brussel, Brabant, Belgium 1
Christened:
Died: 5 Feb 1431-1432 - , Brussel, Brabant, Belgium 1
Buried: - St. Gudula, Brussel, Brabant, Belgium 1
Father: Duc Philippe III Burgundy De Burgandy (1396-1467) 1 2 3 4
Mother: Princess Isabel Of Portugal (1396-1472) 1 2 3 4
Marriage:
Wife
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
General Notes (Husband)
[royalty.ged]
TITL [COUNT DE CHAROLAIS]/
Prince Karl Of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen and Princess Antoinette Of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen
Husband Prince Karl Of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen 1
Born: Abt 1785 1
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Marriage:
Wife Princess Antoinette Of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen 1
Born: Abt 1789 1
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Children
1 M Karl Anton Joachim Of Hohenzollen-Sigmaringen 1 2 5
Born: 7 Sep 1811 - Krauchenwies, Hohenzollern, Prussia 1 5
Christened: 7 Sep 1811 - Schlosskapelle, Krauchenwies, Hohnzollern, Prussia 1
Died: 2 Jun 1885 - Sigmaringen, Hohenzollern, Prussia 1 5
Buried:
Spouse: Princess Josephine Friederike Luise Of Hohenzollen-Sigmaringen (1813-1900) 1 5
Marr: 21 Oct 1834 1
General Notes (Husband)
[royalty.ged]
NAME Karl, Prince Of /HOHENZOLLERN-SIGMARINGEN/
General Notes (Wife)
[royalty.ged]
NAME Antoinette, Princess Of /HOHENZOLLERN-SIGMARINGEN/
General Notes for Child Karl Anton Joachim Of Hohenzollen-Sigmaringen
[royalty.ged]
NAME Karl Anton Joachim Zephyrin Friedrich Mainrad, Prince Of /HOHE NZOLLEN-SIGMARINGEN/
Crown Prince Rupprecht Of Bavaria Wittelsbach Crown Prince and Antoinette Of Luxembourg
Husband Crown Prince Rupprecht Of Bavaria Wittelsbach Crown Prince 2 3 5
Born: 18 May 1869 5
Christened:
Died: 1955 5
Buried:
Father: King Ludwig III Wittelsbach Of Bavaria (1845-1921) 2 3 5
Mother: Maria Theresa Habsburg-Lotharingen (1849-1919) 2 3 5
Marriage:
Other Spouse: Maria Gabriele Gabriele Of Bavaria (1878-1912) 2 3 5
Other Spouse: Antoinette Of Luxembourg ( - ) 2 3
Wife Antoinette Of Luxembourg 5
Born: 1899 5
Christened:
Died: 1954 5
Buried:
Children
1 M Henry 5
Born: 1922 5
Christened:
Died: 1958 5
Buried:
2 F Irmingard (details suppressed for this person)
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
3 F Editha (details suppressed for this person)
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
4 F Hilda (details suppressed for this person)
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
5 F Gabriele (details suppressed for this person)
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
6 F Sophie (details suppressed for this person)
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Count Anton Of Aldenburg-Varel and Countess Auguste Of Sayn-Wittgenstei
Husband Count Anton Of Aldenburg-Varel 1
Born: 1 Feb 1633 - Of, Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany 1
Christened:
Died: 27 Oct 1680 - Varel, Oldenburg, Germany 1
Buried:
Father: Count Anton Gunther Oldenburg (1583-1667) 1
Mother: Elisabeth Ungnad [Baroness Of Son (Abt 1605- ) 1
Marriage: 27 Apr 1657 1
Other Spouse: Charlotte Amelie De Tremouille ( - ) 1 - 19 May 1680 - Frederiksborg Sl, Frederiksborg, Denmark 1
Wife Countess Auguste Of Sayn-Wittgenstei 1
Born: 12 Aug 1638 - Of, Lohra, Sachsen, Prussia 1
Christened:
Died: 15 May 1669 1
Buried:
Father: Johann [Wittgenstein] (1601-1657) 1
Mother: Anna Auguste Countess Waldeck Wildungen (1608-1658) 1
Children
1 F Antoinette Auguste Countess Aldenburg 1
Born: 4 Aug 1660 - Of, Varel, Oldenburg, Germany 1
Christened:
Died: 14 Jul 1701 1
Buried:
Spouse: Ulrik Frederik Gyldenlove (1638-1704) 1
Marr: 16 Aug 1677 1
2 F Sofie Elisabeth Countess Aldenburg 1
Born: 18 Dec 1661 - Of, Varel, Oldenburg, Germany 1
Christened:
Died: 1730 1
Buried:
Spouse: Franz Heinrich Count Of Freitag ( - ) 1
Marr: 1 Feb 1680 1
3 F Dorothea Justine Countess Aldenburg 1
Born: 28 Jan 1663 - Of, Varel, Oldenburg, Germany 1
Christened:
Died: 27 Dec 1735 1
Buried:
Spouse: Anton Wulff ( - ) 1
Marr: 6 Apr 1689 1
4 F Louise Charlotte Countess Aldenburg 1
Born: 3 Feb 1664 - Of, Varel, Oldenburg, Germany 1
Christened:
Died: 12 May 1732 1
Buried:
Spouse: Christoff Bjelke ( - ) 1
Marr: 26 Dec 1684 1
Spouse: Gerhard Von De Nath ( - ) 1
Marr: 1722 1
5 F Wilhelmine Juliane Countess Aldenburg 1
Born: 4 May 1665 - Of, Varel, Oldenburg, Germany 1
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Spouse: Georg Ernst Wedel, Count Of ( - ) 1
Marr: 1689 1
General Notes (Husband)
[royalty.ged]
NAME Anton, Count Of /ALDENBURG VAREL KNIPHAUSEN/
MARR PLAC Frederiksborg Slot, Frederiksborg, Denmark
General Notes (Wife)
[royalty.ged]
NAME Auguste, Countess Of /SAYN WITTGENSTEIN/
General Notes for Child Antoinette Auguste Countess Aldenburg
[royalty.ged]
NAME Antoinette Auguste, Countess Of /ALDENBURG/
General Notes for Child Sofie Elisabeth Countess Aldenburg
[royalty.ged]
NAME Sofie Elisabeth, Countess Of /ALDENBURG/
General Notes for Child Dorothea Justine Countess Aldenburg
[royalty.ged]
NAME Dorothea Justine, Countess Of /ALDENBURG/
General Notes for Child Louise Charlotte Countess Aldenburg
[royalty.ged]
NAME Louise Charlotte, Countess Of /ALDENBURG/
General Notes for Child Wilhelmine Juliane Countess Aldenburg
[royalty.ged]
NAME Wilhelmine Juliane, Countess Of /ALDENBURG/
Count Anton Of Aldenburg-Varel and Charlotte Amelie De Tremouille
Husband Count Anton Of Aldenburg-Varel 1
Born: 1 Feb 1633 - Of, Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany 1
Christened:
Died: 27 Oct 1680 - Varel, Oldenburg, Germany 1
Buried:
Father: Count Anton Gunther Oldenburg (1583-1667) 1
Mother: Elisabeth Ungnad [Baroness Of Son (Abt 1605- ) 1
Marriage: 19 May 1680 - Frederiksborg Sl, Frederiksborg, Denmark 1
Other Spouse: Countess Auguste Of Sayn-Wittgenstei (1638-1669) 1 - 27 Apr 1657 1
Wife Charlotte Amelie De Tremouille 1
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
General Notes (Husband)
[royalty.ged]
NAME Anton, Count Of /ALDENBURG VAREL KNIPHAUSEN/
MARR PLAC Frederiksborg Slot, Frederiksborg, Denmark
General Notes (Wife)
[royalty.ged]
NAME Charlotte Amelie De La /TREMOUILLE/
Count Anton Of Aldenburg and Princess Wilhelmine Marie Of Hesse-Homburg
Husband Count Anton Of Aldenburg 1
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Marriage: 26 Apr 1711 1
Wife Princess Wilhelmine Marie Of Hesse-Homburg 1
Born: 8 Jan 1678 - Weferlingen, Schsn, Prss, Chr Weferlingern 1
Christened: 17 Jan 1678 1
Died: 25 Nov 1770 1
Buried:
Father: Friedrich Landgrave Of Hesse Homburg (1633-1708) 1
Mother: Luise Elisabeth Princess Kurland (1646-1690) 1
General Notes (Wife)
[royalty.ged]
NAME Wilhelmine Marie, Princess Of /HESSE-HOMBURG/
BIRT PLAC Weferlingen, Schsn, Prss, Chr Weferlingern, Schsn, Prss
Pretender Anton To Spain
Husband Pretender Anton To Spain (details suppressed for this person)
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Father: Archduke Leo Salvator Of Austria ( -1931) 1
Mother: Blanca Of Spain
Marriage:
Wife (details suppressed for this person)
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
King Anton Of Saxony and Queen Theresa Habsburg-Lotharingen Of Saxony
Husband King Anton Of Saxony 1
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Marriage: 18 Oct 1787 1
Wife Queen Theresa Habsburg-Lotharingen Of Saxony 1 2 3 4
Born: 14 Jan 1767 - Wien, Wien, Austria 1 4
Christened:
Died: 7 Nov 1827 1 4
Buried:
AFN: 8D5W-J3
Father: Emperor Leopold II Habsburg-Lotharingen Of The Holy Roman Empire (1747-1792) 1 2 3 4
Mother: Princess Maria Luisa De Bourbon Of Spain (1745-1792) 1 2 3 4
Other Spouse: Anthony Clement Of Saxony Wettin (1755-1836) 2 3 - 18 Oct 1787
General Notes (Wife)
[royalty.ged]
NAME Marie Therese, Arch Duchess Of /AUSTRIA/
Count Anton Gunther Oldenburg and Elisabeth Ungnad [Baroness Of Son
Husband Count Anton Gunther Oldenburg 1
Born: 1 Nov 1583 - Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany 1
Christened:
Died: 19 Jun 1667 - Rastede, Oldenburg, Germany 1
Buried: - St. Lambert, Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany 1
Father: Count John Xvi Of Oldenburg (1540-1603) 1 2
Mother: Elizabeth Von Schwarzburg (1541-1612) 1 2
Marriage:
Other Spouse: Sofie Katharine Princess Holstein Sonderb (1617-1696) 1 - 30 May 1635 - Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany 1
Wife Elisabeth Ungnad [Baroness Of Son 1
Born: Abt 1605 - Of, Ennsegg, Oberoesterreich, Austria 1
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Father: Andreas Ungnad, Baron Of (Abt 1579- ) 1
Mother: Baroness Of Prag Margarethe (Abt 1583- ) 1
Other Spouse: Jakob Maronholt ( - ) 1
Children
1 M Count Anton Of Aldenburg-Varel 1
Born: 1 Feb 1633 - Of, Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany 1
Christened:
Died: 27 Oct 1680 - Varel, Oldenburg, Germany 1
Buried:
Spouse: Countess Auguste Of Sayn-Wittgenstei (1638-1669) 1
Marr: 27 Apr 1657 1
Spouse: Charlotte Amelie De Tremouille ( - ) 1
Marr: 19 May 1680 - Frederiksborg Sl, Frederiksborg, Denmark 1
General Notes (Husband)
[royalty.ged]
NAME Anton Gunther, Count Of /OLDENBURG/
MARR DATE NOT MD
General Notes (Wife)
[royalty.ged]
TITL [BARONESS OF SONNEGG]
General Notes for Child Count Anton Of Aldenburg-Varel
[royalty.ged]
NAME Anton, Count Of /ALDENBURG VAREL KNIPHAUSEN/
MARR PLAC Frederiksborg Slot, Frederiksborg, Denmark
Count Anton Gunther Oldenburg and Sofie Katharine Princess Holstein Sonderb
Husband Count Anton Gunther Oldenburg 1
Born: 1 Nov 1583 - Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany 1
Christened:
Died: 19 Jun 1667 - Rastede, Oldenburg, Germany 1
Buried: - St. Lambert, Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany 1
Father: Count John Xvi Of Oldenburg (1540-1603) 1 2
Mother: Elizabeth Von Schwarzburg (1541-1612) 1 2
Marriage: 30 May 1635 - Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany 1
Other Spouse: Elisabeth Ungnad [Baroness Of Son (Abt 1605- ) 1
Wife Sofie Katharine Princess Holstein Sonderb 1
Born: 28 Jun 1617 - Of, Sonderborg Slot, Aaabenraa-Sonder, Denmark 1
Christened:
Died: 1696 1
Buried:
Father: Duke Of Holstein Sonderb Alexander (1572-1627) 1
Mother: Countess Of Schwarzburg Dorothea (1579-1639) 1
General Notes (Husband)
[royalty.ged]
NAME Anton Gunther, Count Of /OLDENBURG/
MARR DATE NOT MD
General Notes (Wife)
[royalty.ged]
NAME Sofie Katharine, Princess Of /HOLSTEIN SONDERBURG/
BIRT PLAC Of, Sonderborg Slot, Aaabenraa-Sonderhause, Denmark
Prince Anton Gunther Of Anhalt-Zerbst and Auguste Antonie Marschall
Husband Prince Anton Gunther Of Anhalt-Zerbst 1
Born: 11 Nov 1653 - Of Zerbst, Anhalt, Germany 1
Christened:
Died: 10 Dec 1714 1
Buried:
Father: Prince Johann Of Anhalt-Zerbst (1621-1667) 1 2
Mother: Princess Sofie Auguste Of Holstein Gottorp (1630-1680) 1 2
Marriage: 1 Jan 1705 1
Wife Auguste Antonie Marschall 1
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
General Notes (Husband)
[royalty.ged]
NAME Anton Gunther, Prince Of /ANHALT/
Prince Leopold Hohenzollern Of Hohenzollern and Princess Antonia Of Portugal
Husband Prince Leopold Hohenzollern Of Hohenzollern 1 2 5
Born: 22 Sep 1835 - Krauchenwies, Hhnzll, Prussia 1 5
Christened:
Died: 8 Jun 1905 - Berlin, Brndnb, Prussia 1 5
Buried:
Father: Karl Anton Joachim Of Hohenzollen-Sigmaringen (1811-1885) 1 2 5
Mother: Princess Josephine Friederike Luise Of Hohenzollen-Sigmaringen (1813-1900) 1 5
Marriage: 12 Sep 1861 - Capela Do Paco R, Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal 1
Wife Princess Antonia Of Portugal 1 2 5
Born: 17 Feb 1845 - Paco Real DE Bel, Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal 1 5
Christened: 8 Apr 1845 - Santa Maria DE B, Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal 1
Died: 27 Dec 1913 - Sigmaringen, Hnzlln, Prussia 1 5
Buried:
Father: Ferdinand August King Portugal & The Algarves (1816-1885) 1 2 3
Mother: Maria II Da Gloria Queen (1819-1851) 1 2 3
Children
1 M Prince Wilhelm Hohenzollern Of Hohenzollern 1 2 5
Born: 7 Mar 1864 - Schloss Benrath, Rhnlnd, Prussia 1 5
Christened:
Died: 22 Oct 1927 - Schloss Sigmarin, Hohenzollern, Prussia 1 5
Buried:
Spouse: Maria Teresa Princess Of The Two Sicilies ( - ) 1
Marr: 27 Jun 1889 1
Spouse: Adelgunde Marie Auguste Bavaria ( - ) 1
Marr: 20 Jan 1915 1
2 M Ferdinand I Of Hohenzollern-Hohenzollern King Of Romania 2 3 5
Born: 24 Aug 1865 - Sigmaringen, Hohenzollern, Prussia 1
Christened:
Died: 20 Jul 1927 - Peles Castle, Sinaia, Prahova, Romania 1
Buried: 24 Jul 1927 - Curtea DE Arges, Arges, Romania 1
Spouse: Marie Of Saxe-Coburg And Gotha Queen Of Romania (1875-1938) 1 2 3 4 5
Marr: 10 Jan 1893 - Sigmaringen, Germany 5
3 M Prince Karl Anton Hohenzollern 1 2 3 5
Born: 1 Sep 1868 - Schloss Sigmarin, Hhnzll, Prussia 1 5
Christened:
Died: 21 Feb 1919 - Namedy, Rhnlnd, Prussia 1 5
Buried:
Spouse: Princess Josephine Of Belgium (1872-1958) 1 2 3 5
Marr: 1894 - Bruxelles, Brabant, Belgium 1
General Notes (Husband)
[royalty.ged]
MARR PLAC Capela Do Paco Real Das Necessidades, Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
General Notes (Wife)
[royalty.ged]
BIRT PLAC Paco Real De Belem, Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
CHR PLAC Santa Maria De Belem, Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
General Notes for Child Prince Wilhelm Hohenzollern Of Hohenzollern
[royalty.ged]
DEAT PLAC Schloss Sigmaringen, Hohenzollern, Prussia
General Notes for Child Ferdinand I Of Hohenzollern-Hohenzollern King Of Romania
[royalty.ged]
MARR PLAC Royal Castle Chapel, Sigmaringen, Hhnzll, Prussia
General Notes for Child Prince Karl Anton Hohenzollern
[royalty.ged]
Name: Karl Anton, Prince of Hohenzollern. AKA Charles Anthony Hohenzollern.
Mieceslas I Of The Obotrites and Antonia
Husband Mieceslas I Of The Obotrites 6
Born:
Christened:
Died: Abt 0811
Buried:
Father: Billung II Of Obotrites ( -Abt 0798) 6
Mother: Jutta ( - ) 6
Marriage:
Wife Antonia 6
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Children
1 M Rodigastus Of The Obotrites 6
Born:
Christened:
Died: Abt 0840
Buried:
General Notes (Husband)
!DEATH:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
General Notes for Child Rodigastus Of The Obotrites
!DEATH:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
Nero Claudius Drusus General; Gov. Of Gaul and Antonia 'The Younger' Augusta
Husband Nero Claudius Drusus General; Gov. Of Gaul 6
Born: - [Abt. 38 BC]
Christened:
Died: - [Abt. 9 Ad]
Buried:
Father: Tiberius Claudius Nero Pontiff ( - ) 6
Mother: Livia Drusilla ( - ) 6
Marriage:
Wife Antonia 'The Younger' Augusta 6
Born: - [Abt. 36 BC]
Christened:
Died: - [Abt. 37-38 Ad]
Buried:
Father: Triumvir Marcus Antonius Of Rome ( - ) 6
Mother: Octavia 'The Younger' ( - ) 6
Children
1 M Emperor Tiberius Claudius Nero Germanicus (Claudius) Of Rome(41-54) 6
Born: 1 Aug 0010 B.C. - Lugundum (Lyons), Gaul (France)
Christened:
Died: 13 Oct 3054
Buried:
Spouse: Aemilia Lepida ( - ) 6
Spouse: Valeria Messalina ( - ) 6
Marr: [Bef. 47 Ad]
Spouse: Julia Agrippina II 'The Younger' ( - ) 6
Marr: [Abt. 49 Ad]
Spouse: Plautia Urgulanilla ( - ) 6
Spouse: Aelia Paetina ( - ) 6
2 M Germanicus Caesar 6
Born: - [Abt. 15 BC]
Christened:
Died: - [10 Oct 19 Ad], Near Antioch, Syria
Buried:
Spouse: Vipsania Agrippina I 'The Elder' ( - ) 6
3 F Julia Livilla 'The Elder' 6
Born: - [Abt. 13 BC]
Christened:
Died: - [Abt. 31 Ad]
Buried:
Spouse: Nero Caesar ( - ) 6
4 F Agrippa Caesar 6
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
General Notes (Husband)
Drusus Germanicus, Nero Claudius, called Drusus Sen i o r ( 3 8 BC-AD 9), Roman general. He was the younger s o n o f Liv i a Drusilla , wife of Emperor Augustus, by he r f irs t husba nd , Tiberius Claudius Nero. Drusus Senio r wa s thu s the bro the r of Emperor Tiberius and stepso n of Em pero r Augustus . He s erved as a general under Tib erius ag ains t the Rhaet i and Vi ndelici in 15, and fro m 13 unti l 10 h e was governo r of th e three Gallic provi nces. I n 9 he hel d an army agai nst th e German peoples o f the El be region , penetrating far ther th an previous Ro man armie s. Drusu s Germanicus died af ter a fa ll from hi s horse. G ermanicu s Caesar and Emperor C laudiu s I wer e his sons. S ource: "D rusus Germanicus, Ner o Claudiu s, " Microsoft(R ) Encarta(R ) 98 Encyclopedia. (c ) 1993-19 9 7 Microsoft Co rporation. A ll rights reserved.Dru sus Ge rmani cus, Nero C laudius, call ed Drusus Senior (38 BC -A D 9), Roma n genera l. He was t h e younger son of Livia D r usilla , wif e of E mperorAugust us, by her first husband , Ti berius Cla ud iu s Nero. Drusu s Senior wasthus the br other o f Emperor Tib e rius and step son of Emperor Augu s tus. Heser ved as a ge nera l under Tib erius against the R haeti and Vin delici in 15, an d fro m 1 3 until 10 he wa s governor of th e three G allic pro vin ces.In 9 he held a n army against th e Ger ma n peoples o f t he Elbe region,p enetrating farther t han pr evious Roman a r mies. Drusus G ermani cus diedafte r a fal l from his hors e . Germanicu s Caesar and Emperor Cla udiu s Iwere his sons . So urce: " Drusus Germanicus, Nero Cla ud ius," Microsoft(R ) Enca rta (R) 98Encyclopedia. (c) 199 3 - 1997 Microsoft Cor poratio n . All rights reserved.
!BIRTH:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
!DEATH:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
General Notes (Wife)
!BIRTH:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
!DEATH:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
General Notes for Child Emperor Tiberius Claudius Nero Germanicus (Claudius) Of Rome(41-54)
Claudius I (10 BC-AD 54), Roman emperor (AD 41-54). C l a u d ius was born TIBERIUS CLAUDIUS DRUSUS NERO GERMANI C U S i n Lu gdunum (present-day Lyon, France). His father , N er o Cl audiu s Drusus, was a younger brother of Tiberi us C lau diu s Nero C aesar, later the Roman emperor Tiberi us. C laud iu s held no i mportant public office until th e age o f 47 , whe n he becam e consul during the reign o f his neph ew, E mpero r Caligula . When the latter was ass assinated i n AD 4 1, Cla udius was p roclaimed emperor b y the Praetori an Guar d, wh o found him hi ding in the pal ace. The firs t acts o f his re ign gave promis e of mild a nd just govern ment; bu t in 42, w hen a conspirac y agains t his life wa s uncovered , he went i nto semiretireme nt . His wife Messa lina becam e largely resp onsible for admi n istering the go vernment fo r a time. She p racticed crue ltie s and extorti ons withou t restraint. Asid e from th e excesse s perpetrat ed under th e influence of Mes salina , Claudius' s reign wa s that of a n able administrator , b oth in civil an d milit ary affairs . Mauretania (present - day northern Morocc o an d western Al geria) was made a R oma n province; the conqu e st of Britai n was begun; and t he Rom an armies fought succ e ssfully aga inst the Germans . Judea a nd Thrace also beca me R oman prov inces during h is rule. Cla udius expended en ormou s sums i n building, e specially in th e constructio n of the f amou s Claudian Aq ueduct. His admini stration wa s characteriz e d by a decli ne in the power of th e nobilit y and by the pr a ctice, la ter commonplace, of gran ting re sponsibility an d we alt h to the personal followers o f th e emperor, includ ing f o rmer slaves. In 48 Claudius ord er ed the execution o f M essal ina, who had indicated her co n tempt for him by pu b licly sta ging a mock marriage wit h he r lover. He then d e fied widespr ead disapproval by ma rryin g his niece, Agr ipp ina the Younge r, under whose inf luenc e he deprived h is so n by Messalina , Britannicus, o f his he ritage, adop ting in stead Agrippina' s son by a fo rmer marri age, Nero , later e mperor of Rome. Sh ortly ther eafter Claud ius wa s poisoned , presumably by Agrip pina. C laudius is dep ict ed by ancien t historians as being n egle cted, sickly, a n d ridiculed be fore coming to power; h i s character duri ng h is reign is d escribed as ignorant a nd m alicious. Mo dern sc holars, howe ver, tend to discoun t thei r testimon y and esti mate him a s shrewd and able. S ource: "C laudiu s I," Microso ft(R) Enc arta(R) 98 Encyclop edia. (c) 19 93 -1997 Microsof t Corporat ion. All rights re served. ------ - ------------- T IBERIUS C LAUDIUS CAESAR AU GUSTUS GERMAN ICUS , original nam e (unti l AD 41) TIBERIU S CLAUDIUS NER O GERMAN ICUS Roman em pero r (AD 41-54), wh o extended Rom an rule in N orth Afric a an d made Britai n a province.
Early life.
The son of Nero Claudius Drusus, a popular and succes s f u l R oman general, and the younger Antonia, he was th e n ep he w o f the emperor Tiberius and a grandson of Livi a Dr usi lla , th e wife of the emperor Augustus. Ill healt h, un attr acti ve ap pearance, clumsiness of manner, and c oarsen ess o f tas te di d not recommend him for a public l ife. Th e impe rial f amil y seems to have considered him s omethin g of a n embarra ssmen t, and he was long left to h is own p rivat e studies an d amus ements. It was the histo rian Liv y who r ecognized an d encour aged his inclinatio n for hist orical s tudies. Claud ius wrot e a pamphlet def ending th e republica n politician a nd orato r Cicero, wh o was execu ted by the t riumvirs; and , having di scovere d that it wa s difficult t o speak freel y on the civi l wa rs toward th e end of the Ro man Republic , he began a hi s tory of Rom e with the princip ate of August us. He compo sed 2 0 book s of Etruscan and 8 b ooks of Cartha ginian hi story, al l i n Greek; an autobiogra phy; and a hist orica l treatis e o n the Roman alphabet wit h suggestions fo r o rthographi cal re form--which as empero r he later trie d n ot very suc cessfull y to implement. He a lso wrote o n dice p laying, o f which h e was fond. All hi s works ar e lost, an d their i mportance ca nnot be measured . The Et ruscan histor y may h ave had origina l material: hi s firs t wife, Plauti a Urgul anilla, had Etrusc an blood, an d he r family was prob abl y able to put Claudiu s in touch w it h authentic Etrusc a n traditions. After divorc ing Urgul a nilla, he in turn m arr ied Aelia Paetina, Valeri a Messa lin a, who was his wif e a t his accession, and, finall y , Agrip pina the Younger . By h is first three wives he ha d f ive ch ildren, of who m Drusu s and Claudia died befor e he bec am e emperor. A s a young ma n Claudius was mad e a member o f v arious reli gious colleges , but he becam e consul only u nde r the reig n of his older b rother's so n Gaius (Caligula ) i n 37. The re was, however, l ittle co rdiality between th e two.
Emperor and colonizer
Power came to Claudius unexpectedly after Gaius' mu r d e r o n Jan. 24, 41, when he was discovered tremblin g i n t h e pala ce by a soldier. The Praetorian Guards, th e im peri a l househ old troops, made him emperor on Januar y 25 . By f am ily tradi tion and antiquarian inclinations , Clau dius wa s i n sympath y with the senatorial aristocr acy; bu t soldie rs a nd courtie rs were his real supporter s, whil e freedme n an d foreigner s had been his friends i n the da ys of negl ect . Initially, t he attitude of the S enate wa s at best am bigu ous. In 42 man y senators suppor ted the i ll-fated rebe llio n of the Governo r of Dalmatia . Even lat er, several at tempt s on Claudius' li fe involv ed senator s and knights. T houg h paying homage to t he di gnity of th e Senate (to whos e adm inistration he return e d the provin ces of Macedonia a nd Ach aea) and giving ne w op portunitie s to the knights, C laudiu s was ruthless a nd occas ionall y cruel in his dealin gs wit h individual m embers of bo t h orders. From the ver y beginni ng he empha sized his frien d ship with the army an d paid cas h for hi s proclamation a s em peror.
Claudius' decision to invade Britain (43) and his per s o n a l appearance at the climax of the expedition, the c ro ss i n g of the Thames and the capture of Camulodunum (C olc hes te r) , were prompted by his need of popularity an d glo ry . Bu t co ncern with the anti-Roman influence of t he Dru i d pries thood , which he tried to suppress in Gaul , an d a g eneral i nclina tion toward expanding the fronti ers w ere ot her reaso ns. Cla udius planted a colony of ve teran s at Cam ulodunum a nd estab lished client-kingdoms t o prot ect the f rontiers o f the prov ince; these were aft erwar d a source o f trouble , such as th e revolt in 47 o f Prasu tagus, client -king of t he Iceni, an d later the g eneral r evolt instigat ed by his w ife Boudicc a (also cal led Boadi cea). He also a nnexed Maure tania (41-42 ) in No rth Africa , of which he ma de two provin ces (Caesarie nsi s in the ea st and Tingitan a in the west) , Lycia in As i a Minor (43) , and Thrace (46) . Though he enl arged th e kingd om of Her od Agrippa I, he l ater made Judae a a pr ovince on A grippa 's death in 44. I n 49 he annexed It ure a (northeaster n Pa lestine) to the pr ovince of Syria . H e was careful no t t o involve the empir e in major war s wit h the Germans a nd th e Parthians. Claud ius supporte d Roma n control of Ar menia, b ut in 52 he pref erred th e collaps e of the pro-Ro man governm ent to a war w ith Pa rthia, leavi ng a difficul t situation t o his success or.
In the civil administration, many measures demonstrat e C l a u dius' enlightened policy. He improved in detail t he j ud ic ia l system, and, in his dealings with the provi nces , h e fa vou red a moderate extension of Roman citizen shi p by i ndivi dua l and collective grants: in Noricum , a dis trict s outh o f th e Danube comprising what is no w centra l Austri a and pa rts o f Bavaria, for instance, f ive commu nities be came Roma n muni cipalities. He encoura ged urbani zation an d planted s evera l colonies, for exam ple, at Cam ulodunum a nd at Coloni a Agri ppinensis (moder n Cologne) i n Germany i n 51. In hi s religio us policy Cl audius respec ted traditio n; he revive d old reli gious ce remonies, cele brated the fe stival of th e Secular Ga me s in 47 (three da ys and night s of games an d sacrifice co m memorating the 8 00th birthda y of Rome), mad e himsel f a cens or in 47, an d extended i n 49 the pomeriu m of Ro me (i.e., th e boundar y of the are a in which only Ro ma n gods could be wo rshipp ed and magist rates ruled with c i vil, not military, po wer s). He protect ed the haruspice s (d iviners) and probab l y Romanized the c ult of the Phr ygian d eity Attis. Accor din g to the biograp her Suetoniu s in Claud ius, during a p erio d of troubles Cl audius exp elled the Jew s from Rome f or a sh ort time; Chri stians m ay have been inv olved. Else where he c onfirmed exi stin g Jewish rights and p rivileges , and in Alex andria h e tr ied to protect the Jew s withou t provoking Egypt ian na ti onalism. In a surviving l ette r addressed to the ci t y o f Alexandria, he asked Jews a n d non-Jews "to stop t his d e structive and obstinate mutu a l enmity." Althoug h personal l y disinclined to accept di vin e honours, he d id not serio usl y oppose the current tr end a nd had a tem ple erected t o hims elf in Camulodunum . His pub lic work s include the re organiza tion of the gra in supply o f Rom e and constructio n of a ne w harbour at O stia, which w a s later improved b y the empero r Trajan.
Administrative innovations.
Claudius' general policy increased the control of the e m p e r or over the treasury and the provincial administrat i o n a n d apparently gave jurisdiction in fiscal matter s t o h is o w n governors in the senatorial provinces. H e crea te d a ki n d of cabinet of freedmen, on whom he bes towed h ono urs, t o s uperintend various branches of the a dministr atio n. An i mpre ssive series of documents, suc h as a spee ch fo r the ad missi on of Gauls to the Senat e recorded o n a part ly defect ive in scription at Lugdunu m (Lyon), th e edict fo r the Anau ni (a n Alpine populatio n who had usu rped the ri ghts of Rom an cit izenship and w hom Claudius c onfirmed i n these rights ), an d the aforem entioned lette r to the cit y of Alexandri a (ad 4 1), surv ive as evidenc e of his perso nal style of go vernment : pe dantic, uninhib ited, alternate ly humane and wr athful , a nd ultimately de spotic. The insc ription from Lugd unu m is a n interestin g comparison with t he version of t h e historia n Tacitus i n his Annals, whic h gives an acco un t of the sam e speech . The speech as reco rded in the i nscri ption, in spi te o f irrelevance, inconse quence, an d fondnes s for digressi o n (much of which is abs ent in t he version o f Tacitus), sh o ws that Claudius kne w what h e wanted and th at he apprec iate d the latent force s of R oman tradition.
His marriage with Messalina ended in 48, when she appar e n t l y conspired against him and, according to Tacitus , co nd uc te d a public marriage ceremony with her lover , Gaiu s Si liu s . Messalina and Silius were killed, and C laudiu s marr ie d hi s niece Agrippina, an act contrary t o Roma n law, wh ic h he t herefore changed. To satisfy Agr ippina' s lust fo r po wer, Cl audius had to adopt her so n Lucius D omitius Ah enoba rbus (la ter the emperor Nero) , to the dis advantage o f hi s own son B ritannicus. In ad dition, the n ew commande r of t he guards, A franius Burru s, was protect ed by Agripp ina. Ro man traditio n is unani mous in statin g that Claudiu s was po isoned by Agr ippin a on Oct. 13, A D 54, though th e detail s differ. A vers i on of poisonin g by mushrooms pre vailed. L ucius Annaeus S en eca, the pol itician and satiris t, who ha d been exile d by Cl audius a t his accession but h ad been re called a t Agrippina' s urg ing to educate Nero, d erided th e dea d emperor and hi s ap otheosis (duly decree d by the Sen at e) in the satire Apo c olocyntosis divi Claud ii ("The Pum p kinification of the Di v ine Claudius"; the ti tle and it s ex act meaning are bot h sub ject to dispute).
The picture of Claudius that appears in this work h a s m u c h in common with that of later Roman historians w h o gi v e de tails of the unpopular side of Claudius' admi ni strat io n. Th e Apocolocyntosis ridicules his physica l app earanc e a nd hi s speaking ability and casts aspersi ons o n his ab ilit ies a s a judge, depicting him as arbit rary-- of givin g lega l judg ments without a fair hearin g and o f summaril y orderi ng th e executions of relatives , senato rs, and kni ghts.
Tacitus, Suetonius, and the later historian Dio Cassi u s a t t ribute Claudius' mistakes to infirmity of charact e r an d t h e influence of his wives and freedmen. They ec h o th e host il ity of the upper classes against an emper o r who , in spit e o f his words, had been unfavourable t o t hem. T hat this t radi tion is one-sided is shown by th e su rvivin g document s of th e reign and the energy wit h whic h Claudi us carrie d out th e affairs of government . Source : www.eb. comClaudiu s I (10 B C-AD 54), Roman emp eror (A D 41-54). Cl audius wa s born TIBER IUS CLAUDIUS DR USUS NER O GERMANICU S in Lugdunu m(present-da y Lyon, Fra n ce). Hi s father, Ner o Claudius Dr usus, was ayo unger b rother o f Tiberius Claud ius Nero Caesa r , later th e Rom an empero rTiberius. Claudi us held no impo rtant publi c o ffice unti l the age o f 47,w hen he became co nsul duri n g the reig n of his nephew, Empe ror Caligula.Whe n the l atte r w as a ssassinated in AD 41 , Claudius was proc laim edempero r b y the Praetorian Guard , who found h im hidi n g in the pa l ace. Thefirst acts of h is reign gave promi s e of mild an d ju st government ; but i n42, when a consp irac y agains t his lif e was uncovered, h e went intosemir etireme nt. H i s wife Mess alina became lar gely responsib le foradmi nis tering the gover nment for a ti me. She p ra cticed cruelt i es andextortions wi thout restra int. Asid e from the exces s es perpetrated unde r the influe nce o f Messalina, Claudi us' s reign was that o f an ableadm ini strator, both in civ i l a nd military affairs . Mauretan i a(present-day norther n Moroc co and western Alger ia) w a s mad e a Romanprovince ; the con quest of Britain wa s b egu n; and the Roman armie s foughtsuc cessfull y agains t t he G ermans. Judea and Thr ace also beca me Romanprovin ces dur in g his rule. Claudi u s expended enor mous sums i n building , especially in th e construction of th e famou s Claudian A q ue duct. Hisadmi nistration was charact eriz ed by a declin e in t he power o f thenobility and b y t h e practice, late r commonp lace, o f grantingresponsi bility a nd wealth to th e persona l foll ower s of the emp eror,includ ing former sla ves. In 4 8 Cla udius ordered th e execution o f Messalina, w ho had indi ca ted hercontemp t for him by p ub licly stagin g a mock marr i age with he r lover. Hethen defie d widesprea d disapprova l b y marr y ing his niece, Agrippin a theYounge r, under wh ose in fl uence he deprived his son b y Messalina ,B ritanni cus, o f h is heritage, adopting instea d Agrippin a's son b y afo rmer ma rriage, Nero, late r empero r of Rome . Shortl y th ereafter Cl audiuswas poisoned, presum ably b y Agrippi na . Claudiu s is d epicted by ancienthistori ans a s bein g n eglected, sickly, an d ridiculed before comin g t o powe r ; his character during hi s reign is described a s i gnor a nt andmalicious. Modern schol ars , however, ten d t o di sc ount their testimony andestimat e him as shrewd a nd a b le . Source: "Claudius I, " Microsoft(R ) Encarta(R) 9 8 En cy c lopedia. (c)1993-1997 Microsoft Corpor a tion. Al l ri gh t s reserved. -------------------- TIBERIU S CLAUDIU S C AES A R AUGUSTUS GERMANICUS, original name (unti l AD 41) T IBER IU S CLAUDIUS NE RO GERMANICUS Roman emperor (A D 41- 5 4) , wh o extendedRoman rule in North Africa and made B r i t a in a p rovince.
Early life.
The son of Nero Claudius Drusus, a popular and succes s f u l R oman general,and the younger Anton ia, he was th e n ep he w o f the emperor Tiberius and agrandson of Livi a Dru sil la , th e wife of th e emperor Augustus. Ill heal th,una ttra cti ve ap pearance, clumsiness of manner, and c oarsene s s o f ta stedi d not recommend him for a public l ife. Th e imper ial f amil y seems tohave considere d him s omethin g of an e mbarra ssmen t, and he was long leftto hi s own pr ivate stud ies an d amus e ments. It was the histo rian Liv y whorecogni zed an d encour aged his inclinatio n for histo rica l studie s.Claud ius wrot e a pamphlet def ending the r epublican poli tician a nd orator Cicero, w h o was execute d by the triumvi rs; and , having dis cover ed that itwas di fficult to spea k free l y on the civi l w ars toward the en d of theRoman Re public , he began a his t ory of Rome wit h th e principate o fAugust us. He compos ed 2 0 books of Et ruscan and 8 books o f Cartha ginianhist ory , al l in Greek ; an autobiography; a nd a hist orica l treatise o n theRoma n alphabet with sugges t ions fo r o rthographical re form-- which asemperor he late r tried n o t very successfull y t o imple ment. He also wrot eon dic e pl aying, of whic h h e was fond. All his works ar e lost , and t heirim porta nce ca nnot be measured. The Etru sca n history m ay have ha d origina lmaterial: his first w i f e, Plautia Urg ulanilla , had Etrusc an blood, andher fam i ly was probably a ble t o put Claudi u s in touch with aut h enticEtruscan tradi tio ns. After divor cing Urgulanilla , h e in turn married Ael i a Paetina, Valeri a Messalina , who w as his wife at his ac c ession, and, finally , Agri ppina t h e Younger. By his fi rs t three wives he had f iv echildren , of whom Drusus an d Clau dia died bef ore he be c ame emper or. As ayoung ma n Claudiu s was made a membe r of va rious r eligious colleg es , buth e became consul o nly under t he re ign of his old er brother' s son Gaius(Ca ligula) in 3 7 . Th ere was, howe ver, little c ordiality b etween the two.
Emperor and colonizer
Power came to Claudius unexpectedly after Gaius' mu r d e r o n Jan. 24, 41,when he was discovere d tremblin g i n t h e pala ce by a soldier. ThePraetorian Guards, th e imp eri a l househo ld troops , made him emperor onJanuar y 25 . By f am ily tradit ion and antiquarian inclinations , Clau diusw a s i n sympath y with the senatorial aristocr acy; bu t sold iers a ndcourtier s were his real suppor ter s, whil e freedm en an d foreigner s hadbeen his friends i n the day s of negl ect. I nitially, t h e attitude of theS enate wa s at best am biguous . In 42 man y senators suppor ted the i ll-fatedreb e llion o f the Governo r of Dalmatia . Even lat er, several at tempts o nClaudius' lif e involve d se nator s and knights. T hough pay ing homage to t hedig nity of th e Senate (to whos e administr atio n he return e d the provi ncesof Macedonia a nd Achaea) a nd giving new o pp ortunitie s to the knigh ts , Claudius wa s ruthless an d occasi onall y cruel in his dea lings withindi vidual mem bers of b o t h orders. From the ve ry beginning h e emphas izedhis fr iend ship with the army an d paid cash f o r hi s proclamati on asem peror.
Claudius' decision to invade Britain (43) and his per s o n a l appearance atthe climax of the exp edition, the c ro ss i n g of the Thames and the captureof Camulodunum (Co lch est er ) , were prompte d by his need of popularity and glor y. B u t co ncern with the anti-Roman influence of th e Dru i d pr ie sthoo d,which he tried to suppress in Gaul , an d a genera l i nclina tion towardexpanding th e fronti ers w ere other r easo ns. Cla udius planted a colony ofvet eran s at Camulodun um an d esta b lished client-kingdoms t o pro tect thefrontie rs o f the pro vince; these were afte rwar d a sourc e of tro uble , suchas th e revolt in 47 o f Prasu tagus, client-kin g of th e Iceni, an d laterth e g eneral r evolt instigated b y his wi fe Boudicc a (als o calledBoadic ea). He also annexe d Maureta n ia (41-4 2 ) in North Africa , of whichhe made tw o province s (Caes arien sis in the eas t and Tingi tana in t hewest), Ly ci a in Asia M inor (43) , and Thrace (46). Thoug h he enlarg e d thekingdo m o f Her od Agrippa I, he later ma de Judae a a p rovince on A grippa 'sdeath in 44. In 49 he an nex e d Iture a (northeaster n Pa lestine) to theprovince o f S yria. He wa s careful no t t o involve th e empire in maj o r warswith th e Germans a nd th e Parthians. Claudius supp o rted Roman cont rol of Ar menia, b ut in 52 he preferre d th e collapse of th e pro-Ro man governm entto a war wit h Parth ia , leaving a di fficul t situation t o his succes sor.
In the civil administration, many measures demonstrat e C l a u dius'enlightened policy. He improv ed in detail t he j ud ic ia l system, and, inhis dealings with the provin ces , h e fav our ed a moder ate extension ofRoman citizens hi p by i ndivid ua l and collective grants: in Noricum, ad ist ric t s outh o f th e Danube comprising what is now cen tra l Austri a andpar ts o f Bavaria, for instanc e, five c ommu nities be came Roma nmuni cipalities. He encouraged ur baniz ation an d planted se ver a l colonies,for example, a t Camu lodunum a nd at Coloni a Agr ippinensis (modern Colo gne)i n German y i n 51. In hi s religi ous policy Claudiu s respe cted traditio n;he revive d old reli gious ceremo n ies, cel ebrated the fe stival of th eSecular Ga mes in 4 7 (three da ys and nights o f games an d s acrificecom memo rating the 8 00th birthday o f Rome), mad e himself a cen s or in 47,an d extended i n 4 9 the pomeriu m of Rome (i.e ., th e bounda ry of the areai n which only Rom an gods cou ld be w o rship ped and magistra tes ruled withciv il, no t military, p ower s). He protecte d the haruspice s (d ivi ners) andprobab l y Romanized the cu lt of the Phrygian d e ity Attis. Accor din g to thebiog raph er Suetonius in Cl audi us, during a p erio d of troubles Cla udiusexpelled th e Jew s from Rom e f or a sh ort time; Chris tians may hav e beeninv olved. Elsew here he co nfirmed exist ing Jewi s h rights an d privileges ,and in Alexa ndria he tr ied t o protect the Jew s withou t provoking Egyp t iannation ali sm. In a surviving l ette r addressed to the cit y of Ale x andria,he asked Jew s a n d non-Jews "to stop this d estru c tive and obstinat e mutua lenmity." Although personal l y dis incl ined to acc ept divin e honours, he didnot ser iousl y o ppose the curre nt trend an d had a templ e erect ed tohims e lf in Camulodu num. His publ ic works include t he reorganiz a tion ofthe g rain s upply o f Rome and const ruction of a n e w harbour a t Ostia,which wa s later impro ved by the emp e ro r Trajan.
Administrative innovations.
Claudius' general policy increased the control of the e m p e r or over thetreasury and the provin cial administrat i o n a n d apparently gavejurisdiction in fiscal matter s t o hi s o w n governors i n the senatorialprovinces. H e crea te d a ki n d of cabinet of freedmen, on whom he bes towedho no u rs, t o s uperintend various branches of the a dministr ati on. Anim pres sive series of documents , suc h as a spee ch f or the ad missi on ofGauls to the Senate r ecorded o n a part ly defecti ve in s cription atLugdunum ( Lyon), th e edict fo r the Anaun i (a n Alpine population w ho hadusur ped th e ri ghts of Roma n cit izenship and who m Claudius c onfirmed int hese rights) , and t he aforement i oned lette r to the cit y of Alexandria (ad 41) , surviv e as evidenc e of his person al style of go v ernment: peda ntic, uninhib ited, alternatel y humane and wrat hful, a n d ultimatelydes potic. Th e inscr iption from Lugdun um i s a n interestin g comparison withth e version of the his t orian T ac itus i n his Annals, whic h gives anaccount of t h e same sp eech . The speech as recor ded in the i nscript ion , inspit e o f irrelevance, inconseq uence, and fondnes s fo r digres sion ( much ofwhic h is abse nt in the versio n of Ta citus) , shows t hat Claudius knew w hathe wanted a nd that h e a p preciated th e latent forces o f Roman trad ition.
His marriage with Messalina ended in 48, when she appar e n t l y conspiredagainst him and, accord ing to Tacitus , co nd uc te d a public marriageceremony with her lover, G aiu s Sil ius . M essalina a nd Silius were killed,and Clau diu s marri ed h is n iece Agrippina, an act contrary to Ro ma n law, whi ch h e ther efore changed. To satisfy Agrippi na' s lust fo r power ,Claudi us had to adopt her s on Luci us D omitius Ah enobarbu s (late r theemperor Nero), to th e disa dvantage o f his ow n son Br i tannicus. Inaddition , the ne w commande r of the g uards, Afra nius Burrus, wa s protecte dby Agri pp ina. Roma n tradition i s unanimou s in statin g that Claudiu s waspoiso ned by Agrippi na o n Oct . 13, A D 54, though th e details di ffer. Aversi o n of poisoning b y mushrooms prev ailed. Luci u s Annaeu s Sene ca, thepoliti cian and satirist , who had be en exil ed by Clau dius at hi s accessio nbut ha d been recall ed a t Agrippina' s urgin g to educate Nero, de rided thedea d e mperor and h i s apot heosis (duly decreed b y the Senat e ) in thesatire Ap ocolo cyntosis divi Claudii ( "The Pu m pkin ification of the D iv ineClaudius"; the titl e and i ts exac t meaning are both s u bject to dis pute).
The picture of Claudius that appears in this work h a s m u c h in common withthat of later Roma n historians w h o gi v e de tails of the unpopular side ofClaudius' admin is trati on . Th e Apocolocy ntosis ridicules his physicala ppe aranc e an d hi s speaking ability and casts aspersion s o n hi s a bilit iesa s a judge, depicting him as arbitra ry-- of givin g lega l judg ments withouta fair he aring an d o f summaril y orderi ng th e executions of relatives,sen ator s, and knig hts.
Tacitus, Suetonius, and the later historian Dio Cassi u s a t t ributeClaudius' mistakes to infirm ity of charact e r an d t h e influence of hiswives and freedmen. They ec h o the h osti li ty of the u pper classes againstan emper o r who, i n spit e o f his words, had been unfavourable t o t hem.Th a t this t radi tion is one-sided is shown by th e su rvivin g document s ofth e reign and the energ y wit h whic h Claudi us carrie d out th e affairs ofgovernment . Source : www.eb.c om
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General Notes for Child Germanicus Caesar
Germanicus Caesar (15 BC-AD 19), Roman general, s o n o f t h e general Nero Claudius Drusus, and nephew an d ad opte d s o n of Emperor Tiberius. Germanicus took par t in c ampai gn s ag ainst the Pannonian, Dalmatian, and Ge rmani c tribe s i n east ern and northern Europe. In AD 1 2 he wa s consul , an d the fo llowing year Emperor Augustu s appoin ted him t o com mand th e eight Roman legions on t he Rhine . In AD 14 , on th e deat h of Augustus, the legio ns mutini ed, but Ger manicu s quelle d the insurrection, a fter whic h he led th e soldier s into ba ttle. He routed t he Marsi , a German tri be, and th e next yea r met the Ger man leade r Arminius (Her mann), chie f of the Ch erusci, w ho in A D 9 had destroyed t hree Roman l egions and d rive n their g eneral, Publius Quin tilius Varus , to suicid e . The engage ment was indecisive , but in AD 1 6 Germanic us, a t great r isk to his own troop s, won two vic torie s over Armi nius a nd claimed Germany fo r Rome. Empero r T iberius recalle d G ermanicus to Rome in A D 17 becaus e h e felt the German s c ould most successfull y be deal t with t hrough diplomac y. Th e young general wa s receive d with grea t enthusias m and hono red with a trium ph, th e traditional c elebratio n for victori ous generals . Tibe rius then dispatch ed hi m to settle a disp ute that h ad a risen in the easter n pro vinces of Armenia an d Parthi a . On this mission, Germa nic us was stricken wit h a fata l i llness at Antioch. His fr i ends charged that he h ad b een p oisoned on orders from Ti b erius, who was suppos e d to hav e been jealous of his pop ula rity. Germanicus , widel y mour ned in the provinces an d in R ome, was surv ived by hi s wif e Agrippina and six ch ildren . These incl uded Caligula , la ter emperor, and a da ughter , Agrippin a the Younger, wh o b ecame the mother o f Empero r Nero. S ource: "Germanicus Ca e sar," Microsoft(R ) Encarta( R) 9 8 Encyclopedia. (c) 1993-1 9 97 Microsoft Co rporation. A l l rights reserved.Germanicu s Ca esar (15 BC- AD 19), Rom a n general, son of the genera l NeroC laudius D rusus, an d n e phew and adopted son of Emp eror Tibe rius.G ermanicu s took p art in campaigns against t he Panno ni an , Dalmat ian, andGer manic tribes in eastern a nd norther n E urope . In AD 12 he w as consul,an d the follo wing yea r Emper o r Augustus appoint ed him to command theei ght Rom an legio n s on th e Rhine. I n AD 14, on the death o f Augu stus, t heleg ions mutinied, bu t Germanicus quelled t h e i nsurre ction, af ter which hele d the soldiers into bat tle . He r outed the Mar si, a Germa n tri be, andthe next ye a r me t the German leade r Arminiu s (Hermann), chief of th e Che rusci, who in A D 9 ha d destro yed three Roman legio n s a nd driven theirgeneral, Pu blius Q uintilius Varu s , t o s uicide. The engagement wasinde cisive , but in A D 1 6 Ge rmanicus, at great risk to his own t roo p s, wont wo v ictor ies over Arminius and claimed German y fo r Rome . Emp eror T iberius recalled Germanicus to Rome i n A D 1 7 becau se he f elt theGermans could most s uccessful l y b e deal t with thr ough diplomacy. Theyoung general wa s rec ei ve d with grea t enthusi asm and honored with atri umph , t h e traditiona l celebration for victorious genera ls. T iberi us t hen disp atched him to settle a dispute th at ha d arise n i n the eas ternprovinces of Armenia an d P arthia . On thi s mis sion, G ermanicus wasstricken wit h a fatal i llness a t Antioc h. Hi s frien ds charged tha t he hadbee n poisoned o n order s fro m Tiberius, who wa s supposed t o have beenjea l ous of h i s popularity. Germ anicus, widel y mourned in the p rovinces a nd in Rome, wa s survive d b y his wife Agrippina a nd si x chi ldren. The seincluded Cal igula, later emperor, a n d a daugh t er, Ag rippina the You nger,who became the moth e r of Empero r Ne ro. Source: "Ger manicus Caesar," Microsof t( R) Encarta( R ) 98 Encyclopedia . (c)1993-1997 Microso f t Cor poration . Al l rights reserv ed.
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General Notes for Child Julia Livilla 'The Elder'
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Antonio
Husband Antonio 2 3
Born: 9 Mar 1539 - Lisbon
Christened:
Died: 20 Jan 1540 - Lisbon
Buried: - Belem
Father: King Jodao III Of Portugal (1502-1557) 1 2 3 4
Mother: Katherina Habsburg (1507-1578) 1 2 3 4
Marriage:
Wife
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Antonio
Husband Antonio 2
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Marriage:
Wife
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Children
1 M Emanuel Of Portugal 2
Born: 1568
Christened:
Died: 1638
Buried:
Spouse: Emilia Of Orange (1569-1629) 2
Marr: 1597
General Notes (Husband)
1 UPDA 2 PLAC Bastard of Portugal
