Count Adolf X Of Holstein and Countess Elisabeth Of Honstein
Husband Count Adolf X Of Holstein 1
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Marriage:
Wife Countess Elisabeth Of Honstein 1
Born: Abt 1401 - Of Klettenberg, Sachsen, Prussia 1
Christened:
Died: 1468 1
Buried:
Father: Count Ernst Of Honstein-Kletten (Abt 1373-1426) 1
Mother: Countess Anna Of Stolberg (Abt 1377-1430) 1
Other Spouse: Otto Count Of Holstein Schauenburg Pinneberg ( - ) 1 - 1418 1
General Notes (Husband)
[royalty.ged]
NAME Adolf X, Count Of /HOLSTEIN/
Adolphus
Husband Adolphus 2
Born: 1846 2
Christened:
Died: 1922 2
Buried:
Father: Duke George William Frederick Charles Hanover 2nd Duke (1819-1904) 1 2 3 4 5
Mother: Sarah (Louisa) Fairbrother (1815-1890) 1 2 4 5
Marriage:
Wife
Born:
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Died:
Buried:
Marquess Adolphus Of Cambridge and Margaret Evelyn Grosvenor Lady
Husband Marquess Adolphus Of Cambridge 1 2 3 4 5
Born: 13 Aug 1868 - Kensington, Middlesex, England 1 2 3
Christened: 3 Oct 1868 - Kensington Palac, Kensington, Middlesex, England 1
Died: 24 Oct 1927 - Shatton Hall, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England 1 2 3
Buried: - St. George's Cha, Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England 1
AFN: 1WRG-91X
Father: Duke Franz Paul Karl Of Teck (1837-1900) 1 2 3 4 5
Mother: Mary Adelaide Hanover (1833-1897) 1 2 3 4 5
Marriage:
Other Spouse: Lady Margaret Evelyn Grosvenor ( - ) 1 4 5 - 12 Dec 1894 - Eaton Hall, Cheshire, England 1
Wife Margaret Evelyn Grosvenor Lady 2 4 5
Born: 9 Apr 1873 2
Christened:
Died: 1929 2
Buried:
Father: Hugh Lupus Grosvenor (1825-1899) 4 5
Mother: Constance Sutherland-Leveson-Gower ( -1880) 4 5
Children
1 M George Of Cambridge Marquess 2
Born: 1895 2
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Spouse: Dorothy Hastings (1899- ) 2
2 F Mary Lady 2
Born: 1897 2
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
3 F Helena Lady 2
Born: 1899 2
Christened:
Died: 1969 2
Buried:
Spouse: J. E. Gibbs Col. (1879-1932) 2
4 F Mary Lady 2
Born: 1897 2
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Spouse: Edson Gault (living)
Marquess Adolphus Of Cambridge and Lady Margaret Evelyn Grosvenor
Husband Marquess Adolphus Of Cambridge 1 2 3 4 5
Born: 13 Aug 1868 - Kensington, Middlesex, England 1 2 3
Christened: 3 Oct 1868 - Kensington Palac, Kensington, Middlesex, England 1
Died: 24 Oct 1927 - Shatton Hall, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England 1 2 3
Buried: - St. George's Cha, Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England 1
AFN: 1WRG-91X
Father: Duke Franz Paul Karl Of Teck (1837-1900) 1 2 3 4 5
Mother: Mary Adelaide Hanover (1833-1897) 1 2 3 4 5
Marriage: 12 Dec 1894 - Eaton Hall, Cheshire, England 1
Other Spouse: Margaret Evelyn Grosvenor Lady (1873-1929) 2 4 5
Wife Lady Margaret Evelyn Grosvenor 1 4 5
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Children
1 M George Francis Hugh Cambridge Marquess 4 5
Born: 11 Oct 1895
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
2 F Mary Cambridge Lady 4 5
Born: 12 Jun 1897
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
3 F Helena Cambridge Lady 4 5
Born: 23 Oct 1899
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Adolphus and Frederike Viktoria Hohenzollern Princess
Husband Adolphus 4 5
Born:
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Died:
Buried:
Marriage:
Wife Frederike Viktoria Hohenzollern Princess 1 4 5
Born: 12 Apr 1866 - New Palace, Potsdam, Brandenburg, Prussia 1
Christened:
Died: 13 Nov 1929 - Bonn 1
Buried:
Father: Emperor Friedrich III Hohenzollern Of Prussia (1831-1888) 1 2 3 4 5
Mother: Princess Royal Victoria Adelaide Mary Louisa Wettin Of England (1840-1901) 1 2 3 4 5
Other Spouse: Adolf Wilhelm Victor Schaumburg Lippe ( - ) 1 - 19 Nov 1890 1
Other Spouse: Aleksander Zubkov Or Zoubkoff ( - ) 1 - 19 Sep 1927 1
Other Spouse: Alexander Zoubkoff ( - ) 4 5
General Notes (Wife)
[royalty.ged]
NAME Friederike Amalie Wilhelmine V. Princess Of /PRUSSIA/
Adolphus Frederick V Grand Duke and Elisabeth Of Anhalt Princess
Husband Adolphus Frederick V Grand Duke 2
Born: 1848 2
Christened:
Died: 1914 2
Buried:
Father: Frederick William Grand Duke (1819-1904) 2
Mother: Duchess Augusta Hanover Of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (1822-1916) 1 2 3 4 5
Marriage:
Wife Elisabeth Of Anhalt Princess 2
Born: 1857 2
Christened:
Died: 1933 2
Buried:
Children
1 F Dau. 1 (details suppressed for this person)
Born:
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Died:
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2 F Dau. 2 (details suppressed for this person)
Born:
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Died:
Buried:
3 F Dau. 1 (details suppressed for this person)
Born:
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Died:
Buried:
4 F Dau. 2 (details suppressed for this person)
Born:
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Died:
Buried:
Adolphus Of Schaumburg- Lippe and Victoria Of Germany Princess
Husband Adolphus Of Schaumburg- Lippe 2
Born: 1859 2
Christened:
Died: 1916 2
Buried:
Marriage:
Wife Victoria Of Germany Princess 2 3
Born: 1866 - <Potsdam, Germany> 2 3
Christened:
Died: 1929 2 3
Buried:
AFN: 1VG6-6JF
Father: Emperor Friedrich III Hohenzollern Of Prussia (1831-1888) 1 2 3 4 5
Mother: Princess Royal Victoria Adelaide Mary Louisa Wettin Of England (1840-1901) 1 2 3 4 5
Other Spouse: Alexander Zoubkoff ( - ) 2
Adulphus Of The Goths King - Goths In Spain
Husband Adulphus Of The Goths King - Goths In Spain 6
Born: Abt 0420
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Marriage:
Wife
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Children
1 F Theodora 6
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Spouse: Theodoric Of The Ostragoths King Of The Ostrogoths (Abt 0455-Abt 0526) 6
2 F Eurica 6
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Spouse: Gelimer ( - ) 6
General Notes (Husband)
!BIRTH:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
Aeacides Of Epirus
Husband Aeacides Of Epirus 6
Born:
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Marriage:
Wife
Born:
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Died:
Buried:
Children
1 M Pyrrhus Of Epirus 6
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Spouse: Lanassa Of Syracuse ( - ) 6
Aedd King Of Cornwall
Husband Aedd King Of Cornwall 6
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Father: Antonius King Of Cornwall ( - ) 6
Mother:
Marriage:
Wife
Born:
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Died:
Buried:
Children
1 M King Prydain Of Cornwall 6
Born:
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Died:
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King Aedh (Ethus) Of Scotland
Husband King Aedh (Ethus) Of Scotland 2 4 7
AKA: (Hugh)
Born: Abt 0838 - Of, , , Scotland 8
Christened:
Died: 0878 - Killed Fighting Vikings Strathallan
Buried: - Maiden Stone, Aberdeenshire
AFN: 9G9N-14
Father: King Kenneth I Macalpin Of The Scots (0810-0858) 1 2 4 6 7 9
Mother:
Marriage:
Noted events in his life were:
• Baptism, Reigned 877-878
Wife
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Children
1 M King Constantine III Of Scotland 2 4
Born:
Christened:
Died: 0952 - Monastry Of St Andrews, Fife
Buried: - Monastry Of St Andrews, Fife
General Notes (Husband)
1 NAME Aed /WHITEFOOT/ 1 UPDA 2 DATE 877 2 PLAC Acceded:
House of Fergus. Although some historians say he was killed fighting the Vikings, it is also said that he was murdered by his first cousin Giric, the son of Donald 1 , a rival for the throne.
?? ??? 878 = Battle of Ethandun
General Notes for Child King Constantine III Of Scotland
1 NAME Constantine III // 1 UPDA 2 DATE 900 2 PLAC Acceded:
House of Fergus. Abdicated in 942 to become Abbot of St. Andrews After defeating the Danes who had killed his predecessor Donald 11, he held an Ecclesiastical Court at Scone for the settlement of the rule and discipline of the Celtic Church. In diplomatic affairs he was the first Scottish king to acknowledge an English king as overlord (Edward the elder, son of Alfred the Great, in 924) but this may have only been for expediency as an ally against Norse aggression. Left throne to his cousin Malcolm 1
Aedh (Ethus) 'Swift-Foot' Of Scotland King Of Scotland
Husband Aedh (Ethus) 'Swift-Foot' Of Scotland King Of Scotland 6
Born:
Christened:
Died: Abt 0878 - Strathallan
Buried: - Maiden Stone, Aberdeenshire, Scotland
Father: King Kenneth I Macalpin Of The Scots (0810-0858) 1 2 4 6 7 9
Mother:
Marriage:
Wife
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
General Notes (Husband)
!DEATH:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
!BURIAL:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
Aedham Glas Of Ireland Prince Of Ireland
Husband Aedham Glas Of Ireland Prince Of Ireland 6
Born:
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Died:
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Father: Nuahhas Fionnfail Of Ireland King Of Ireland ( - ) 6
Mother:
Marriage:
Wife
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Children
1 M Simon Breach King Of Ireland 6
Born:
Christened:
Died: - [Abt. 903 BC]
Buried:
General Notes for Child Simon Breach King Of Ireland
!DEATH:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
Boleslaw II 'The Pious' Of Bohemia The Bohemia and Aelfgifu
Husband Boleslaw II 'The Pious' Of Bohemia The Bohemia 1 4 6
Born: Abt 0920 - Of Praha, Praha, Czechoslovakia 1
Christened:
Died: 7 Feb 0998-0999 1
Buried:
Father: Duke Boleslav I Of Bohemia (Abt 0900-0967) 1 4 6
Mother: Princess Elgiva England Of England (Abt 0912-0951) 1 2 3 4 6 7 9
Marriage:
Other Spouse: Hemma Bohemia (Abt 0930-1005) 1 4 6
Wife Aelfgifu 4 6
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Father: King Edward England Of Wessex (0875-0924) 1 2 3 4 6 9
Mother: Queen Edgifu England Of Wessex (0896-0968) 1 2 3 4 6 7 9
Other Spouse: King Conrad I Of Bourgogne (Abt 0925-0993) 1 3 4 6
General Notes (Husband)
[royalty.ged]
NAME Boleslav II, "The Pious", Duke Of /BOHEMIA/
General Notes (Wife)
Smyth (Alfred the Great) says she married Conrad of Burgandy. The confusion is that she married "a Prince near the Alps"; but Boleslaw is the most likely.
King Conrad I Of Bourgogne and Aelfgifu
Husband King Conrad I Of Bourgogne 1 3 4 6
Born: Abt 0925 - Of, Arles, Toulouse 3 10
Christened:
Died: 19 Oct 0993 - Wein 1 3 8 10
Buried:
AFN: 9GDD-FD
Father: King Rudolf II Burgundy Of Burgundy (Abt 0902-0937) 1 3 4 6
Mother: Queen Bertha Von Swabia Of Burgundy (Abt 0907-0967) 1 3 6
Marriage:
Other Spouse: Countess Mahuat De France Of Flanders (0943-0982) 1 4 6 - (Divorced) 1
Other Spouse: Adelaide Of Bellay ( - ) 4
Noted events in his life were:
• Alt. Birth 8, Arles, Toulouse, France, Abt 0925
• Alt. Birth 1, Of, Arles, Bouches-Du-Rhone, France, Abt 0925
Wife Aelfgifu 4 6
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Father: King Edward England Of Wessex (0875-0924) 1 2 3 4 6 9
Mother: Queen Edgifu England Of Wessex (0896-0968) 1 2 3 4 6 7 9
Other Spouse: Boleslaw II 'The Pious' Of Bohemia The Bohemia (Abt 0920-0998) 1 4 6
General Notes (Husband)
1 NAME Conrad III of/Burgundy/ 1 UPDA 2 DATE 937 2 PLAC Acceded: inherited Provence 948.
General Notes (Wife)
Smyth (Alfred the Great) says she married Conrad of Burgandy. The confusion is that she married "a Prince near the Alps"; but Boleslaw is the most likely.
Earl Alfgar III Mercia Of Mercia and Aelfgifu Of Wessex
Husband Earl Alfgar III Mercia Of Mercia 1 2 6 9
Born: 1002 - Mercia, England 10
Christened:
Died: 1062 - Of, Mercia, England 1 10
Buried: - Coventry, Warwickshire, England
AFN: B19T-5M
Father: Earl Leofric III Of Mercia (0968-1057) 1 6 9
Mother: Lady Godiva (Godgifu) Godiva Of Coventry (Abt 0980-1067) 1 6 9
Marriage:
Wife Aelfgifu Of Wessex 1 2 4 6 9
Born: 0997 - Wessex, England 8 10
Christened: - Princess Of England
Died: - Y
Buried:
AFN: 8XQ8-94
Father: King Aethelred II Ethelred Of Kent (0968-1016) 1 2 4 6 9
Mother: Queen Elfreda (Alfflaed Aelfgifu) Thorodsdatter Of England (Abt 0963-Abt 1002) 1 2 3 4 6 9
Other Spouse: Uchtred 'The Bold' Of Northumbria Northumbria Earl Of Northumbria (Abt 0989-Abt 1016) 2 4 6 11 - Bef 1016
Children
1 M Edwin Earl Of Mercia
Born: Abt 1028 - Of Mercia, England
Christened:
Died: After 1070 - England
Buried:
AFN: V9VM-25
2 F Princess Edith Swanneck Of Northumberland 1 2 4 6 7
AKA: Swannaschells
Born: Abt 1025 - Of Wessex, England 1 8 10
Christened:
Died: After 1086 - Y 8
Buried:
AFN: 8XJJ-XV
Spouse: King Harold II Godwineson Of England (Abt 1022-1066) 1 2 4 6
Marr: Bef 1065 - Of Wessex, England 1 2
Spouse: Vladimir II Of Kiev (1053-1125) 1 4 6
Spouse: Gruffydd Ap Llywelyn (Abt 1011-1063) 1 2 4 6
Marr: Abt 1058 - London, Middlesex County, England 1
Spouse: Earl Maldred Scotland Of Dunbar (Abt 1015-Abt 1045) 3 4 6 7
Marr: Abt 1036
3 M Burhheard, Of Mercia
Born: Abt 1030 - Of Mercia, England
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
AFN: 915Z-27
4 F Mercia Lucia 6 9
Born: Abt 1040 - Mercia, England 10
Christened:
Died: - England
Buried: - Spalding, Lincoln, England
AFN: 8XQ8-7R
Spouse: Ives De Anjou Taillebois (1036-1094) 6 9
5 M Morcar Earl Of Northumbria
Born: Abt 1030 - Of, , Mercia, England
Christened:
Died: After 1070 - England
Buried:
AFN: V9VM-3B
6 F Leverunia Of Mercia
Born: Abt 1034 - Of Mercia, England
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
AFN: HPGJ-BB
General Notes (Husband)
Aelfgar, of age 1051, d. shortly after 1062, Earl of East Anglia 1053, Earl of Mercia 1057, banished 1058; m. Aelfgifu by whom 3 known sons: Eadwine, Morkere and Burchard whose issue is unknown; and a dau. Aldgyth.
General Notes (Wife)
[bobspu.ged]
AElfgifu of England (Elgiva of England) Source: Gary Boyd Roberts?-Aug 2000-Pres.GED
Notes (Marriage)
!MARRIAGE:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
General Notes for Child Princess Edith Swanneck Of Northumberland
1 UPDA 2 PLAC Edith Swan-neck
General Notes for Child Mercia Lucia
!BIRTH:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
!DEATH:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
Uchtred 'The Bold' Of Northumbria Northumbria Earl Of Northumbria and Aelfgifu Of Wessex
Husband Uchtred 'The Bold' Of Northumbria Northumbria Earl Of Northumbria 2 4 6 11
Born: Abt 0989
Christened:
Died: Abt 1016 - Killed
Buried:
Father: Waltheof I Of Northumbria Earl Of Northumbria (Abt 0960-Abt 1006) 2 4 6
Mother: Elfeda (Abt 0965- ) 6
Marriage: Bef 1016
Other Spouse: Eggfrida (0993- ) 4
Other Spouse: Sige ( - ) 4
Wife Aelfgifu Of Wessex 1 2 4 6 9
Born: 0997 - Wessex, England 8 10
Christened: - Princess Of England
Died: - Y
Buried:
AFN: 8XQ8-94
Father: King Aethelred II Ethelred Of Kent (0968-1016) 1 2 4 6 9
Mother: Queen Elfreda (Alfflaed Aelfgifu) Thorodsdatter Of England (Abt 0963-Abt 1002) 1 2 3 4 6 9
Other Spouse: Earl Alfgar III Mercia Of Mercia (1002-1062) 1 2 6 9
Children
1 F Ealdgyth Of Northumberia 6
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Spouse: Maldred Of Scotland Lord Of Allerdale (Between 1005-Abt 1045) 6
General Notes (Husband)
!BIRTH:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
!DEATH:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
General Notes (Wife)
[bobspu.ged]
AElfgifu of England (Elgiva of England) Source: Gary Boyd Roberts?-Aug 2000-Pres.GED
Aelfgar Of Mercia Earl Of Mercia and Aelfgifu
Husband Aelfgar Of Mercia Earl Of Mercia 4
Born:
Christened:
Died: Abt 1063
Buried:
Father: Leofric Of Mercia ( -1057) 4
Mother: Lady Godiva Fitz-Herbert (Abt 1010-Bef 1085) 4
Marriage:
Wife Aelfgifu 4
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Father: Morcar ( - ) 4
Mother: Ealdgyth ( - ) 4
Children
1 M Edwyn Ap Goronwy 4
Born:
Christened:
Died: 1071
Buried:
Spouse: Gwerydd Verch Cynvyn (Abt 1024- )
2 M Morcar Earl 4
Born:
Christened:
Died: 1071
Buried:
3 F Aldgyth 4
Born: 1025 - , Mercia, England
Christened:
Died: After 1070
Buried:
Spouse: King Harold II Godwineson Of England (Abt 1022-1066) 1 2 4 6
Marr: Bef 1065 - York
4 M Burgheard 4
Born:
Christened:
Died: 1061
Buried:
General Notes (Husband)
1 UPDA 2 DATE 1057 2 PLAC Acceded:
General Notes (Wife)
1 UPDA 2 PLAC possible/probable descent.
General Notes for Child Edwyn Ap Goronwy
1 UPDA 2 DATE ABT 1063 2 PLAC Acceded:
The link between Edwin and Owain is circumstantial, but so much evidence shows Edwin of Mercia as the Father of Owain. Edwin is shown as the Grandson of Godivia and Alfgar had a son called Edwin.
General Notes for Child Morcar Earl
1 NAME (Morkere) // 1 UPDA 2 DATE 1065 2 PLAC Acceded:
General Notes for Child Aldgyth
1 NAME Ealdgyth //
Aelfhelm Of Northampton Earl Of Northampton
Husband Aelfhelm Of Northampton Earl Of Northampton 6
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Father: Wulfrun Of Tamworth ( -After 0943) 6
Mother:
Marriage:
Wife
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Aelfric King Of Deira
Husband Aelfric King Of Deira 4
Born:
Christened:
Died: 0604
Buried:
Father: Yffi ( - ) 4
Mother:
Marriage:
Wife
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Children
1 M Osric King 4
Born:
Christened:
Died: 0634
Buried:
General Notes (Husband)
1 UPDA 2 DATE 599 2 PLAC Acceded:
General Notes for Child Osric King
1 UPDA 2 DATE 633 2 PLAC Acceded:
Aelfthryth
Husband Aelfthryth 4
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Father: Wulfrun Of Tamworth ( - ) 4
Mother:
Marriage:
Wife
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Children
1 F Ealdgyth 4
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Spouse: Morcar ( - ) 4
Aelfthyth
Husband Aelfthyth 6
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Father: Wulfrun Of Tamworth ( -After 0943) 6
Mother:
Marriage:
Wife
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Aelfwyn Of Mercia Lady Of Mercia
Husband
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Marriage:
Wife Aelfwyn Of Mercia Lady Of Mercia 6 9
Born: Abt 0905 - , Mercia, , England 10
Christened:
Died: After 0940 - Y
Buried: - Gloucester Cathedral, Gloucester, England
Father: Ealdorman Ethelred Ethelred Of Mercia (Abt 0865-0912) 1 2 6 9
Mother: Princess Ethelfleda Ethelfleda Of Mercia (Abt 0869-0918) 1 2 3 6 7 9
General Notes (Wife)
!BIRTH:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
!BURIAL:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
Arcadius Eastern Roman Emperor and Aelia Eudoxia
Husband Arcadius Eastern Roman Emperor 6
Born: Abt 0377
Christened:
Died: 1 May 0408
Buried:
Father: Theodose I 'The Great' Emperor Of Rome ( -Abt 0395) 6
Mother: Aelia Flavia Flaccilla ( - ) 6
Marriage:
Wife Aelia Eudoxia 6
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Children
1 F Arcadia 6
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
2 F Aelia Pulcheria 6
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
3 F Marina 6
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
4 F Flacilla 6
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
5 M Theodosius II Eastern Roman Emperor 6
Born: Abt 0401
Christened:
Died: Abt 0450
Buried:
Spouse: Athenais Eudocia ( - ) 6
General Notes (Husband)
!BIRTH:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
!DEATH:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
General Notes for Child Theodosius II Eastern Roman Emperor
!BIRTH:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
!DEATH:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
Emperor Tiberius Claudius Nero Germanicus (Claudius) Of Rome(41-54) and Aelia Paetina
Husband Emperor Tiberius Claudius Nero Germanicus (Claudius) Of Rome(41-54) 6
Born: 1 Aug 0010 B.C. - Lugundum (Lyons), Gaul (France)
Christened:
Died: 13 Oct 3054
Buried:
Father: Nero Claudius Drusus General; Gov. Of Gaul ( - ) 6
Mother: Antonia 'The Younger' Augusta ( - ) 6
Marriage:
Other Spouse: Aemilia Lepida ( - ) 6
Other Spouse: Valeria Messalina ( - ) 6 - [Bef. 47 Ad]
Other Spouse: Julia Agrippina II 'The Younger' ( - ) 6 - [Abt. 49 Ad]
Other Spouse: Plautia Urgulanilla ( - ) 6
Noted events in his life were:
• Photos, I15478
Wife Aelia Paetina 6
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Children
1 F Claudia Antonia (details suppressed for this person)
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
General Notes (Husband)
Claudius I (10 BC-AD 54), Roman emperor (AD 41-54). C l a u d ius was born TIBERIUS CLAUDIUS DRUSUS NERO GERMANI C U S i n Lu gdunum (present-day Lyon, France). His father , N er o Cl audiu s Drusus, was a younger brother of Tiberi us C lau diu s Nero C aesar, later the Roman emperor Tiberi us. C laud iu s held no i mportant public office until th e age o f 47 , whe n he becam e consul during the reign o f his neph ew, E mpero r Caligula . When the latter was ass assinated i n AD 4 1, Cla udius was p roclaimed emperor b y the Praetori an Guar d, wh o found him hi ding in the pal ace. The firs t acts o f his re ign gave promis e of mild a nd just govern ment; bu t in 42, w hen a conspirac y agains t his life wa s uncovered , he went i nto semiretireme nt . His wife Messa lina becam e largely resp onsible for admi n istering the go vernment fo r a time. She p racticed crue ltie s and extorti ons withou t restraint. Asid e from th e excesse s perpetrat ed under th e influence of Mes salina , Claudius' s reign wa s that of a n able administrator , b oth in civil an d milit ary affairs . Mauretania (present - day northern Morocc o an d western Al geria) was made a R oma n province; the conqu e st of Britai n was begun; and t he Rom an armies fought succ e ssfully aga inst the Germans . Judea a nd Thrace also beca me R oman prov inces during h is rule. Cla udius expended en ormou s sums i n building, e specially in th e constructio n of the f amou s Claudian Aq ueduct. His admini stration wa s characteriz e d by a decli ne in the power of th e nobilit y and by the pr a ctice, la ter commonplace, of gran ting re sponsibility an d we alt h to the personal followers o f th e emperor, includ ing f o rmer slaves. In 48 Claudius ord er ed the execution o f M essal ina, who had indicated her co n tempt for him by pu b licly sta ging a mock marriage wit h he r lover. He then d e fied widespr ead disapproval by ma rryin g his niece, Agr ipp ina the Younge r, under whose inf luenc e he deprived h is so n by Messalina , Britannicus, o f his he ritage, adop ting in stead Agrippina' s son by a fo rmer marri age, Nero , later e mperor of Rome. Sh ortly ther eafter Claud ius wa s poisoned , presumably by Agrip pina. C laudius is dep ict ed by ancien t historians as being n egle cted, sickly, a n d ridiculed be fore coming to power; h i s character duri ng h is reign is d escribed as ignorant a nd m alicious. Mo dern sc holars, howe ver, tend to discoun t thei r testimon y and esti mate him a s shrewd and able. S ource: "C laudiu s I," Microso ft(R) Enc arta(R) 98 Encyclop edia. (c) 19 93 -1997 Microsof t Corporat ion. All rights re served. ------ - ------------- T IBERIUS C LAUDIUS CAESAR AU GUSTUS GERMAN ICUS , original nam e (unti l AD 41) TIBERIU S CLAUDIUS NER O GERMAN ICUS Roman em pero r (AD 41-54), wh o extended Rom an rule in N orth Afric a an d made Britai n a province.
Early life.
The son of Nero Claudius Drusus, a popular and succes s f u l R oman general, and the younger Antonia, he was th e n ep he w o f the emperor Tiberius and a grandson of Livi a Dr usi lla , th e wife of the emperor Augustus. Ill healt h, un attr acti ve ap pearance, clumsiness of manner, and c oarsen ess o f tas te di d not recommend him for a public l ife. Th e impe rial f amil y seems to have considered him s omethin g of a n embarra ssmen t, and he was long left to h is own p rivat e studies an d amus ements. It was the histo rian Liv y who r ecognized an d encour aged his inclinatio n for hist orical s tudies. Claud ius wrot e a pamphlet def ending th e republica n politician a nd orato r Cicero, wh o was execu ted by the t riumvirs; and , having di scovere d that it wa s difficult t o speak freel y on the civi l wa rs toward th e end of the Ro man Republic , he began a hi s tory of Rom e with the princip ate of August us. He compo sed 2 0 book s of Etruscan and 8 b ooks of Cartha ginian hi story, al l i n Greek; an autobiogra phy; and a hist orica l treatis e o n the Roman alphabet wit h suggestions fo r o rthographi cal re form--which as empero r he later trie d n ot very suc cessfull y to implement. He a lso wrote o n dice p laying, o f which h e was fond. All hi s works ar e lost, an d their i mportance ca nnot be measured . The Et ruscan histor y may h ave had origina l material: hi s firs t wife, Plauti a Urgul anilla, had Etrusc an blood, an d he r family was prob abl y able to put Claudiu s in touch w it h authentic Etrusc a n traditions. After divorc ing Urgul a nilla, he in turn m arr ied Aelia Paetina, Valeri a Messa lin a, who was his wif e a t his accession, and, finall y , Agrip pina the Younger . By h is first three wives he ha d f ive ch ildren, of who m Drusu s and Claudia died befor e he bec am e emperor. A s a young ma n Claudius was mad e a member o f v arious reli gious colleges , but he becam e consul only u nde r the reig n of his older b rother's so n Gaius (Caligula ) i n 37. The re was, however, l ittle co rdiality between th e two.
Emperor and colonizer
Power came to Claudius unexpectedly after Gaius' mu r d e r o n Jan. 24, 41, when he was discovered tremblin g i n t h e pala ce by a soldier. The Praetorian Guards, th e im peri a l househ old troops, made him emperor on Januar y 25 . By f am ily tradi tion and antiquarian inclinations , Clau dius wa s i n sympath y with the senatorial aristocr acy; bu t soldie rs a nd courtie rs were his real supporter s, whil e freedme n an d foreigner s had been his friends i n the da ys of negl ect . Initially, t he attitude of the S enate wa s at best am bigu ous. In 42 man y senators suppor ted the i ll-fated rebe llio n of the Governo r of Dalmatia . Even lat er, several at tempt s on Claudius' li fe involv ed senator s and knights. T houg h paying homage to t he di gnity of th e Senate (to whos e adm inistration he return e d the provin ces of Macedonia a nd Ach aea) and giving ne w op portunitie s to the knights, C laudiu s was ruthless a nd occas ionall y cruel in his dealin gs wit h individual m embers of bo t h orders. From the ver y beginni ng he empha sized his frien d ship with the army an d paid cas h for hi s proclamation a s em peror.
Claudius' decision to invade Britain (43) and his per s o n a l appearance at the climax of the expedition, the c ro ss i n g of the Thames and the capture of Camulodunum (C olc hes te r) , were prompted by his need of popularity an d glo ry . Bu t co ncern with the anti-Roman influence of t he Dru i d pries thood , which he tried to suppress in Gaul , an d a g eneral i nclina tion toward expanding the fronti ers w ere ot her reaso ns. Cla udius planted a colony of ve teran s at Cam ulodunum a nd estab lished client-kingdoms t o prot ect the f rontiers o f the prov ince; these were aft erwar d a source o f trouble , such as th e revolt in 47 o f Prasu tagus, client -king of t he Iceni, an d later the g eneral r evolt instigat ed by his w ife Boudicc a (also cal led Boadi cea). He also a nnexed Maure tania (41-42 ) in No rth Africa , of which he ma de two provin ces (Caesarie nsi s in the ea st and Tingitan a in the west) , Lycia in As i a Minor (43) , and Thrace (46) . Though he enl arged th e kingd om of Her od Agrippa I, he l ater made Judae a a pr ovince on A grippa 's death in 44. I n 49 he annexed It ure a (northeaster n Pa lestine) to the pr ovince of Syria . H e was careful no t t o involve the empir e in major war s wit h the Germans a nd th e Parthians. Claud ius supporte d Roma n control of Ar menia, b ut in 52 he pref erred th e collaps e of the pro-Ro man governm ent to a war w ith Pa rthia, leavi ng a difficul t situation t o his success or.
In the civil administration, many measures demonstrat e C l a u dius' enlightened policy. He improved in detail t he j ud ic ia l system, and, in his dealings with the provi nces , h e fa vou red a moderate extension of Roman citizen shi p by i ndivi dua l and collective grants: in Noricum , a dis trict s outh o f th e Danube comprising what is no w centra l Austri a and pa rts o f Bavaria, for instance, f ive commu nities be came Roma n muni cipalities. He encoura ged urbani zation an d planted s evera l colonies, for exam ple, at Cam ulodunum a nd at Coloni a Agri ppinensis (moder n Cologne) i n Germany i n 51. In hi s religio us policy Cl audius respec ted traditio n; he revive d old reli gious ce remonies, cele brated the fe stival of th e Secular Ga me s in 47 (three da ys and night s of games an d sacrifice co m memorating the 8 00th birthda y of Rome), mad e himsel f a cens or in 47, an d extended i n 49 the pomeriu m of Ro me (i.e., th e boundar y of the are a in which only Ro ma n gods could be wo rshipp ed and magist rates ruled with c i vil, not military, po wer s). He protect ed the haruspice s (d iviners) and probab l y Romanized the c ult of the Phr ygian d eity Attis. Accor din g to the biograp her Suetoniu s in Claud ius, during a p erio d of troubles Cl audius exp elled the Jew s from Rome f or a sh ort time; Chri stians m ay have been inv olved. Else where he c onfirmed exi stin g Jewish rights and p rivileges , and in Alex andria h e tr ied to protect the Jew s withou t provoking Egypt ian na ti onalism. In a surviving l ette r addressed to the ci t y o f Alexandria, he asked Jews a n d non-Jews "to stop t his d e structive and obstinate mutu a l enmity." Althoug h personal l y disinclined to accept di vin e honours, he d id not serio usl y oppose the current tr end a nd had a tem ple erected t o hims elf in Camulodunum . His pub lic work s include the re organiza tion of the gra in supply o f Rom e and constructio n of a ne w harbour at O stia, which w a s later improved b y the empero r Trajan.
Administrative innovations.
Claudius' general policy increased the control of the e m p e r or over the treasury and the provincial administrat i o n a n d apparently gave jurisdiction in fiscal matter s t o h is o w n governors in the senatorial provinces. H e crea te d a ki n d of cabinet of freedmen, on whom he bes towed h ono urs, t o s uperintend various branches of the a dministr atio n. An i mpre ssive series of documents, suc h as a spee ch fo r the ad missi on of Gauls to the Senat e recorded o n a part ly defect ive in scription at Lugdunu m (Lyon), th e edict fo r the Anau ni (a n Alpine populatio n who had usu rped the ri ghts of Rom an cit izenship and w hom Claudius c onfirmed i n these rights ), an d the aforem entioned lette r to the cit y of Alexandri a (ad 4 1), surv ive as evidenc e of his perso nal style of go vernment : pe dantic, uninhib ited, alternate ly humane and wr athful , a nd ultimately de spotic. The insc ription from Lugd unu m is a n interestin g comparison with t he version of t h e historia n Tacitus i n his Annals, whic h gives an acco un t of the sam e speech . The speech as reco rded in the i nscri ption, in spi te o f irrelevance, inconse quence, an d fondnes s for digressi o n (much of which is abs ent in t he version o f Tacitus), sh o ws that Claudius kne w what h e wanted and th at he apprec iate d the latent force s of R oman tradition.
His marriage with Messalina ended in 48, when she appar e n t l y conspired against him and, according to Tacitus , co nd uc te d a public marriage ceremony with her lover , Gaiu s Si liu s . Messalina and Silius were killed, and C laudiu s marr ie d hi s niece Agrippina, an act contrary t o Roma n law, wh ic h he t herefore changed. To satisfy Agr ippina' s lust fo r po wer, Cl audius had to adopt her so n Lucius D omitius Ah enoba rbus (la ter the emperor Nero) , to the dis advantage o f hi s own son B ritannicus. In ad dition, the n ew commande r of t he guards, A franius Burru s, was protect ed by Agripp ina. Ro man traditio n is unani mous in statin g that Claudiu s was po isoned by Agr ippin a on Oct. 13, A D 54, though th e detail s differ. A vers i on of poisonin g by mushrooms pre vailed. L ucius Annaeus S en eca, the pol itician and satiris t, who ha d been exile d by Cl audius a t his accession but h ad been re called a t Agrippina' s urg ing to educate Nero, d erided th e dea d emperor and hi s ap otheosis (duly decree d by the Sen at e) in the satire Apo c olocyntosis divi Claud ii ("The Pum p kinification of the Di v ine Claudius"; the ti tle and it s ex act meaning are bot h sub ject to dispute).
The picture of Claudius that appears in this work h a s m u c h in common with that of later Roman historians w h o gi v e de tails of the unpopular side of Claudius' admi ni strat io n. Th e Apocolocyntosis ridicules his physica l app earanc e a nd hi s speaking ability and casts aspersi ons o n his ab ilit ies a s a judge, depicting him as arbit rary-- of givin g lega l judg ments without a fair hearin g and o f summaril y orderi ng th e executions of relatives , senato rs, and kni ghts.
Tacitus, Suetonius, and the later historian Dio Cassi u s a t t ribute Claudius' mistakes to infirmity of charact e r an d t h e influence of his wives and freedmen. They ec h o th e host il ity of the upper classes against an emper o r who , in spit e o f his words, had been unfavourable t o t hem. T hat this t radi tion is one-sided is shown by th e su rvivin g document s of th e reign and the energy wit h whic h Claudi us carrie d out th e affairs of government . Source : www.eb. comClaudiu s I (10 B C-AD 54), Roman emp eror (A D 41-54). Cl audius wa s born TIBER IUS CLAUDIUS DR USUS NER O GERMANICU S in Lugdunu m(present-da y Lyon, Fra n ce). Hi s father, Ner o Claudius Dr usus, was ayo unger b rother o f Tiberius Claud ius Nero Caesa r , later th e Rom an empero rTiberius. Claudi us held no impo rtant publi c o ffice unti l the age o f 47,w hen he became co nsul duri n g the reig n of his nephew, Empe ror Caligula.Whe n the l atte r w as a ssassinated in AD 41 , Claudius was proc laim edempero r b y the Praetorian Guard , who found h im hidi n g in the pa l ace. Thefirst acts of h is reign gave promi s e of mild an d ju st government ; but i n42, when a consp irac y agains t his lif e was uncovered, h e went intosemir etireme nt. H i s wife Mess alina became lar gely responsib le foradmi nis tering the gover nment for a ti me. She p ra cticed cruelt i es andextortions wi thout restra int. Asid e from the exces s es perpetrated unde r the influe nce o f Messalina, Claudi us' s reign was that o f an ableadm ini strator, both in civ i l a nd military affairs . Mauretan i a(present-day norther n Moroc co and western Alger ia) w a s mad e a Romanprovince ; the con quest of Britain wa s b egu n; and the Roman armie s foughtsuc cessfull y agains t t he G ermans. Judea and Thr ace also beca me Romanprovin ces dur in g his rule. Claudi u s expended enor mous sums i n building , especially in th e construction of th e famou s Claudian A q ue duct. Hisadmi nistration was charact eriz ed by a declin e in t he power o f thenobility and b y t h e practice, late r commonp lace, o f grantingresponsi bility a nd wealth to th e persona l foll ower s of the emp eror,includ ing former sla ves. In 4 8 Cla udius ordered th e execution o f Messalina, w ho had indi ca ted hercontemp t for him by p ub licly stagin g a mock marr i age with he r lover. Hethen defie d widesprea d disapprova l b y marr y ing his niece, Agrippin a theYounge r, under wh ose in fl uence he deprived his son b y Messalina ,B ritanni cus, o f h is heritage, adopting instea d Agrippin a's son b y afo rmer ma rriage, Nero, late r empero r of Rome . Shortl y th ereafter Cl audiuswas poisoned, presum ably b y Agrippi na . Claudiu s is d epicted by ancienthistori ans a s bein g n eglected, sickly, an d ridiculed before comin g t o powe r ; his character during hi s reign is described a s i gnor a nt andmalicious. Modern schol ars , however, ten d t o di sc ount their testimony andestimat e him as shrewd a nd a b le . Source: "Claudius I, " Microsoft(R ) Encarta(R) 9 8 En cy c lopedia. (c)1993-1997 Microsoft Corpor a tion. Al l ri gh t s reserved. -------------------- TIBERIU S CLAUDIU S C AES A R AUGUSTUS GERMANICUS, original name (unti l AD 41) T IBER IU S CLAUDIUS NE RO GERMANICUS Roman emperor (A D 41- 5 4) , wh o extendedRoman rule in North Africa and made B r i t a in a p rovince.
Early life.
The son of Nero Claudius Drusus, a popular and succes s f u l R oman general,and the younger Anton ia, he was th e n ep he w o f the emperor Tiberius and agrandson of Livi a Dru sil la , th e wife of th e emperor Augustus. Ill heal th,una ttra cti ve ap pearance, clumsiness of manner, and c oarsene s s o f ta stedi d not recommend him for a public l ife. Th e imper ial f amil y seems tohave considere d him s omethin g of an e mbarra ssmen t, and he was long leftto hi s own pr ivate stud ies an d amus e ments. It was the histo rian Liv y whorecogni zed an d encour aged his inclinatio n for histo rica l studie s.Claud ius wrot e a pamphlet def ending the r epublican poli tician a nd orator Cicero, w h o was execute d by the triumvi rs; and , having dis cover ed that itwas di fficult to spea k free l y on the civi l w ars toward the en d of theRoman Re public , he began a his t ory of Rome wit h th e principate o fAugust us. He compos ed 2 0 books of Et ruscan and 8 books o f Cartha ginianhist ory , al l in Greek ; an autobiography; a nd a hist orica l treatise o n theRoma n alphabet with sugges t ions fo r o rthographical re form-- which asemperor he late r tried n o t very successfull y t o imple ment. He also wrot eon dic e pl aying, of whic h h e was fond. All his works ar e lost , and t heirim porta nce ca nnot be measured. The Etru sca n history m ay have ha d origina lmaterial: his first w i f e, Plautia Urg ulanilla , had Etrusc an blood, andher fam i ly was probably a ble t o put Claudi u s in touch with aut h enticEtruscan tradi tio ns. After divor cing Urgulanilla , h e in turn married Ael i a Paetina, Valeri a Messalina , who w as his wife at his ac c ession, and, finally , Agri ppina t h e Younger. By his fi rs t three wives he had f iv echildren , of whom Drusus an d Clau dia died bef ore he be c ame emper or. As ayoung ma n Claudiu s was made a membe r of va rious r eligious colleg es , buth e became consul o nly under t he re ign of his old er brother' s son Gaius(Ca ligula) in 3 7 . Th ere was, howe ver, little c ordiality b etween the two.
Emperor and colonizer
Power came to Claudius unexpectedly after Gaius' mu r d e r o n Jan. 24, 41,when he was discovere d tremblin g i n t h e pala ce by a soldier. ThePraetorian Guards, th e imp eri a l househo ld troops , made him emperor onJanuar y 25 . By f am ily tradit ion and antiquarian inclinations , Clau diusw a s i n sympath y with the senatorial aristocr acy; bu t sold iers a ndcourtier s were his real suppor ter s, whil e freedm en an d foreigner s hadbeen his friends i n the day s of negl ect. I nitially, t h e attitude of theS enate wa s at best am biguous . In 42 man y senators suppor ted the i ll-fatedreb e llion o f the Governo r of Dalmatia . Even lat er, several at tempts o nClaudius' lif e involve d se nator s and knights. T hough pay ing homage to t hedig nity of th e Senate (to whos e administr atio n he return e d the provi ncesof Macedonia a nd Achaea) a nd giving new o pp ortunitie s to the knigh ts , Claudius wa s ruthless an d occasi onall y cruel in his dea lings withindi vidual mem bers of b o t h orders. From the ve ry beginning h e emphas izedhis fr iend ship with the army an d paid cash f o r hi s proclamati on asem peror.
Claudius' decision to invade Britain (43) and his per s o n a l appearance atthe climax of the exp edition, the c ro ss i n g of the Thames and the captureof Camulodunum (Co lch est er ) , were prompte d by his need of popularity and glor y. B u t co ncern with the anti-Roman influence of th e Dru i d pr ie sthoo d,which he tried to suppress in Gaul , an d a genera l i nclina tion towardexpanding th e fronti ers w ere other r easo ns. Cla udius planted a colony ofvet eran s at Camulodun um an d esta b lished client-kingdoms t o pro tect thefrontie rs o f the pro vince; these were afte rwar d a sourc e of tro uble , suchas th e revolt in 47 o f Prasu tagus, client-kin g of th e Iceni, an d laterth e g eneral r evolt instigated b y his wi fe Boudicc a (als o calledBoadic ea). He also annexe d Maureta n ia (41-4 2 ) in North Africa , of whichhe made tw o province s (Caes arien sis in the eas t and Tingi tana in t hewest), Ly ci a in Asia M inor (43) , and Thrace (46). Thoug h he enlarg e d thekingdo m o f Her od Agrippa I, he later ma de Judae a a p rovince on A grippa 'sdeath in 44. In 49 he an nex e d Iture a (northeaster n Pa lestine) to theprovince o f S yria. He wa s careful no t t o involve th e empire in maj o r warswith th e Germans a nd th e Parthians. Claudius supp o rted Roman cont rol of Ar menia, b ut in 52 he preferre d th e collapse of th e pro-Ro man governm entto a war wit h Parth ia , leaving a di fficul t situation t o his succes sor.
In the civil administration, many measures demonstrat e C l a u dius'enlightened policy. He improv ed in detail t he j ud ic ia l system, and, inhis dealings with the provin ces , h e fav our ed a moder ate extension ofRoman citizens hi p by i ndivid ua l and collective grants: in Noricum, ad ist ric t s outh o f th e Danube comprising what is now cen tra l Austri a andpar ts o f Bavaria, for instanc e, five c ommu nities be came Roma nmuni cipalities. He encouraged ur baniz ation an d planted se ver a l colonies,for example, a t Camu lodunum a nd at Coloni a Agr ippinensis (modern Colo gne)i n German y i n 51. In hi s religi ous policy Claudiu s respe cted traditio n;he revive d old reli gious ceremo n ies, cel ebrated the fe stival of th eSecular Ga mes in 4 7 (three da ys and nights o f games an d s acrificecom memo rating the 8 00th birthday o f Rome), mad e himself a cen s or in 47,an d extended i n 4 9 the pomeriu m of Rome (i.e ., th e bounda ry of the areai n which only Rom an gods cou ld be w o rship ped and magistra tes ruled withciv il, no t military, p ower s). He protecte d the haruspice s (d ivi ners) andprobab l y Romanized the cu lt of the Phrygian d e ity Attis. Accor din g to thebiog raph er Suetonius in Cl audi us, during a p erio d of troubles Cla udiusexpelled th e Jew s from Rom e f or a sh ort time; Chris tians may hav e beeninv olved. Elsew here he co nfirmed exist ing Jewi s h rights an d privileges ,and in Alexa ndria he tr ied t o protect the Jew s withou t provoking Egyp t iannation ali sm. In a surviving l ette r addressed to the cit y of Ale x andria,he asked Jew s a n d non-Jews "to stop this d estru c tive and obstinat e mutua lenmity." Although personal l y dis incl ined to acc ept divin e honours, he didnot ser iousl y o ppose the curre nt trend an d had a templ e erect ed tohims e lf in Camulodu num. His publ ic works include t he reorganiz a tion ofthe g rain s upply o f Rome and const ruction of a n e w harbour a t Ostia,which wa s later impro ved by the emp e ro r Trajan.
Administrative innovations.
Claudius' general policy increased the control of the e m p e r or over thetreasury and the provin cial administrat i o n a n d apparently gavejurisdiction in fiscal matter s t o hi s o w n governors i n the senatorialprovinces. H e crea te d a ki n d of cabinet of freedmen, on whom he bes towedho no u rs, t o s uperintend various branches of the a dministr ati on. Anim pres sive series of documents , suc h as a spee ch f or the ad missi on ofGauls to the Senate r ecorded o n a part ly defecti ve in s cription atLugdunum ( Lyon), th e edict fo r the Anaun i (a n Alpine population w ho hadusur ped th e ri ghts of Roma n cit izenship and who m Claudius c onfirmed int hese rights) , and t he aforement i oned lette r to the cit y of Alexandria (ad 41) , surviv e as evidenc e of his person al style of go v ernment: peda ntic, uninhib ited, alternatel y humane and wrat hful, a n d ultimatelydes potic. Th e inscr iption from Lugdun um i s a n interestin g comparison withth e version of the his t orian T ac itus i n his Annals, whic h gives anaccount of t h e same sp eech . The speech as recor ded in the i nscript ion , inspit e o f irrelevance, inconseq uence, and fondnes s fo r digres sion ( much ofwhic h is abse nt in the versio n of Ta citus) , shows t hat Claudius knew w hathe wanted a nd that h e a p preciated th e latent forces o f Roman trad ition.
His marriage with Messalina ended in 48, when she appar e n t l y conspiredagainst him and, accord ing to Tacitus , co nd uc te d a public marriageceremony with her lover, G aiu s Sil ius . M essalina a nd Silius were killed,and Clau diu s marri ed h is n iece Agrippina, an act contrary to Ro ma n law, whi ch h e ther efore changed. To satisfy Agrippi na' s lust fo r power ,Claudi us had to adopt her s on Luci us D omitius Ah enobarbu s (late r theemperor Nero), to th e disa dvantage o f his ow n son Br i tannicus. Inaddition , the ne w commande r of the g uards, Afra nius Burrus, wa s protecte dby Agri pp ina. Roma n tradition i s unanimou s in statin g that Claudiu s waspoiso ned by Agrippi na o n Oct . 13, A D 54, though th e details di ffer. Aversi o n of poisoning b y mushrooms prev ailed. Luci u s Annaeu s Sene ca, thepoliti cian and satirist , who had be en exil ed by Clau dius at hi s accessio nbut ha d been recall ed a t Agrippina' s urgin g to educate Nero, de rided thedea d e mperor and h i s apot heosis (duly decreed b y the Senat e ) in thesatire Ap ocolo cyntosis divi Claudii ( "The Pu m pkin ification of the D iv ineClaudius"; the titl e and i ts exac t meaning are both s u bject to dis pute).
The picture of Claudius that appears in this work h a s m u c h in common withthat of later Roma n historians w h o gi v e de tails of the unpopular side ofClaudius' admin is trati on . Th e Apocolocy ntosis ridicules his physicala ppe aranc e an d hi s speaking ability and casts aspersion s o n hi s a bilit iesa s a judge, depicting him as arbitra ry-- of givin g lega l judg ments withouta fair he aring an d o f summaril y orderi ng th e executions of relatives,sen ator s, and knig hts.
Tacitus, Suetonius, and the later historian Dio Cassi u s a t t ributeClaudius' mistakes to infirm ity of charact e r an d t h e influence of hiswives and freedmen. They ec h o the h osti li ty of the u pper classes againstan emper o r who, i n spit e o f his words, had been unfavourable t o t hem.Th a t this t radi tion is one-sided is shown by th e su rvivin g document s ofth e reign and the energ y wit h whic h Claudi us carrie d out th e affairs ofgovernment . Source : www.eb.c om
!BIRTH:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
!DEATH:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
Aelia Pulcheria
Husband (details suppressed for this person)
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Marriage:
Wife Aelia Pulcheria 6
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Father: Arcadius Eastern Roman Emperor (Abt 0377-0408) 6
Mother: Aelia Eudoxia ( - ) 6
Count Nocher II De Bar-Sur-Aube and Countess Aelis Of Soissons
Husband Count Nocher II De Bar-Sur-Aube 6
Born:
Christened:
Died: After 1019
Buried:
Father: Nocher I Of Bar-Sur-Aube (Between 0920-Abt 1003) 6
Mother: Heiress Adelaide Of Soissons ( -Between 1042) 6
Marriage:
Wife Countess Aelis Of Soissons 6
Born:
Christened:
Died: Abt 1019
Buried:
Father: Count Gui Vermandois Of Soissons (Abt 0948-After 0989) 6
Mother: Heiress Adelaide Of Soissons ( -Between 1042) 6
Children
1 M Count Nocher III Of Bar-Sur-Aube 6
Born:
Christened:
Died: Bef 1040
Buried:
Spouse: Adelaide Soissons ( - )
2 M Renaud Of Soissons 4 6
Born:
Christened:
Died: 1 Apr 1057
Buried:
Spouse: Aelis Roucy ( - ) 6
General Notes (Husband)
!DEATH:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
General Notes (Wife)
!DEATH:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
General Notes for Child Count Nocher III Of Bar-Sur-Aube
!DEATH:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
General Notes for Child Renaud Of Soissons
!DEATH:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
Waleran De Meulan Count Of Meulan and Aelis
Husband Waleran De Meulan Count Of Meulan 4 6 9
Born: Abt 0990 - Muellant, Normandy, France 10
Christened:
Died: 1069 10
Buried:
Father: Robert De Meulan Count (Abt 0965- ) 6
Mother: Alix De Vexin (Abt 0970- ) 6
Marriage:
Other Spouse: Oda De Conteville (Abt 0994- ) 4 6 7 9 - Abt 1014
Wife Aelis 4
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Children
1 M Waleran De Meulan (details suppressed for this person)
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
2 M Fulk De Meulan (details suppressed for this person)
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
General Notes (Husband)
His surname may have been "Beaumont". Source: LDS Anc e s t r al File
Aelle King Of Deira
Husband Aelle King Of Deira 4
Born:
Christened:
Died: Abt 0590
Buried:
Father: Yffi ( - ) 4
Mother:
Marriage:
Noted events in his life were:
• Baptism, Reigned C.560-588
Wife
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Children
1 M Edwin King 4
Born:
Christened:
Died: 12 Oct 0633 - Died Fighting At Hatfield Chase
Buried:
Spouse: Cwenburga Of Mercia ( - ) 4
Marr: Abt 0616 12
Spouse: Ethelburga ( -0647) 4
Marr: 0625
2 F Acha Of Deira 4
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Spouse: Ethelfrith King ( -0617) 4
General Notes (Husband)
1 NAME Aelli of /Deira/ 1 UPDA 2 DATE ABT 560 2 PLAC Acceded:
He was the first king of this small kingdom (roughly Humberside) to establish independence from Bernicia (roughly Northumberland). On his death his kingdom was taken over by his brother Ethelric and his 2 sons fled the kingdom
General Notes for Child Edwin King
1 UPDA 2 DATE 616 2 PLAC Acceded:
The heir to the kingdom of Bernicia, he formed an alliance with King Redwald of East Anglia on his return from exile and defeated his rival, King Ethelfrith, in battle on the River Idle. He became Bretwalda, overlord of all Anglo-Saxon kings. He embraced Christianity being baptised at York in 627. He was finally defeated in 633 at Hatfield Chase by an alliance of the Welsh & Mercians, under King Penda. who then burnt Yeavering Palace. The city of Edinburgh derives its name from being Edwin's northern outpost.
Aeneas Of Latium King Of Latium and Creusa Of Troy
Husband Aeneas Of Latium King Of Latium 6
Born:
Christened:
Died: - [Abt. 1175 BC]
Buried:
Father: Fetjuir ( - ) 6
Mother: Anchisa ( - ) 6
Marriage:
Other Spouse: Lavinia ( - ) 6
Wife Creusa Of Troy 6
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Father: King Priam Of Troy ( - ) 6 9
Mother: Hecuba ( - ) 6
Children
1 M Iulus Ascanius King Of Alba Longa 6
Born:
Christened:
Died: - [Abt 1137 BC]
Buried:
General Notes (Husband)
!DEATH:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
General Notes for Child Iulus Ascanius King Of Alba Longa
!DEATH:edwardiii.ged, edwardiii.ged
